THz Measurements and Calibration Based on a Blackbody Source

Svetlitza, Alexander; Slavenko, Michael; Blank, Tanya; Brouk, Igor; Stolyarova, Sara; Nemirovsky, Y.

doi:10.1109/tthz.2014.2309003

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Selective filtering of the unwanted radiations while transmitting the desired THz radiation is a challenging task. [70] Planck's radiation law states that the maximal power density of the emitted radiation at wavelength (λ) depends on the temperature of the blackbody. Svetlitza et al [70] calculated the ratio between the power density of "wanted" THz radiation and the maximal power density of the radiation emitted at various temperatures.…”

Section: Thermal Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[70] Planck's radiation law states that the maximal power density of the emitted radiation at wavelength (λ) depends on the temperature of the blackbody. Svetlitza et al [70] calculated the ratio between the power density of "wanted" THz radiation and the maximal power density of the radiation emitted at various temperatures. The ratio decreased down to 4 × 10 −6 as the blackbody temperature increased to 1227 • C (1500 K).…”

Section: Thermal Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In otherwords, for a thermal source operating at high temperatures, filters with very high attenuation are required to prevent the unwanted IR radiation while transmitting the THz radiation. [70] The characteristics of material required for a good thermal source are: a perfect absorber for the maximum emission; materials operating in ambient conditions without need of vacuum tubes; and materials that can filter unwanted mid-IR radiation and also have good chemical stability at low and high temperatures even after a long service life. Recently, the high emissivity of carbon F I G U R E 1 0 Various applications that rely on the material's efficient absorption of terahertz radiation properties F I G U R E 1 1 Silicon-based variable wheel attenuators (source: Tydex website [74] ) has been exploited for use as THz radiation source.…”

Section: Thermal Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A blackbody source operating at high temperatures 1200°C–1380°C delivers emissivity in the range from 0.5 to 0.8 (no units), [ 69 ] and generates power of a few μW. [ 70 ] One of the drawbacks of such a thermal source is the emitted wavelengths which cover not only THz but also mid‐infrared and visible wavelengths. Selective filtering of the unwanted radiations while transmitting the desired THz radiation is a challenging task.…”

Section: Applications Of Terahertz Absorbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon‐based terahertz absorbers: Materials, applications, and perspectives

et al. 2020

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Terahertz (THz) waves are nowadays used in a multitude of applications ranging from medicine, telecommunication, security surveillance, to fast sensing and imaging. Along with the most apparent aspects of the potential applications, there is also a flip side of the coin: the effects of unwanted electromagnetic pollution on various elements of the environment. Therefore, an effective shielding of THz radiation, preferably with an appreciable amount of absorption, is one of the milestones for the further development of terahertz technology. This review briefly outlines the main aspects of the area of research in terahertz absorbers, materials used, and their specific applications. Particular attention has been paid to the use of carbon-based materials as terahertz absorbers, needed to fill the gap between the well-known components across absorption coefficient 10-100 cm −1 for a refractive index 3-5. An example of such a class of materials is that of the organic or hybrid organic-inorganic polymers whose pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere gives black materials containing a residual free carbon phase. The carbon phase is a random network of covalent bonds in which carbon atoms are mainly in sp 2 hybridization state. The absorption of THz radiation is strongly dependent on the state of arrangement of C-sp 2 , the amount of carbon, and the graphitic carbon domain size. K E Y W O R D S absorbers, carbon, composites, submillimeter waves, terahertz 1 INTRODUCTION TO TERAHERTZ DOMAIN Terahertz (THz) waves are the electromagnetic (EM) waves covering the frequency gap that lies between microwaves and infrared radiations (Figure 1). The THz domain corresponds to frequencies of 0.3 THz-10 THz, which is equivalent to the wavelengths from 1 mm to 30 µm. [1] This EM This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Section: Thermal Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Applications Of Terahertz Absorbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon‐based terahertz absorbers: Materials, applications, and perspectives

et al. 2020

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“…Therefore, the precision measurements of THz power have been intensively studied in recent years. For a source-based approach, several techniques based on blackbody radiation have been reported [3][4][5][6]; however, these approaches suffer from the presence of unwanted radiation, such as infrared radiation. A second approach that utilizes a detector-based standard has the advantage of precisely measuring absolute power; therefore, several national metrology institutes around the world have focused on the development of the detector-based standard [7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz power calibration using absolute reference calorimeter

Iida

Kinoshita

Amemiya

et al. 2019

IEEJ Transactions Elec Engng

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Here, we demonstrate an accurate terahertz (THz) power calibration toward tens of nanowatt levels at room temperature. A power reference standard based on a calorimeter with extremely low noise is realized by introducing vacuum insulation panels utilized for thermal insulation. The standard provides a measurement capability of 26.7 nW with the expanded uncertainty of 4.2% (k = 2) at 1 THz. The direct‐comparison calibration of a commercially available power meter is performed by considering its detectable power levels using the standard. A thermopile‐type power meter is used as the device under test, and its calibration factors are determined at 1 and 1.5 THz over a power‐level range of 0.66–1.56 µW. We evaluate the measurement uncertainties of the calibration and find a relative expanded uncertainty of 4.8–9.0% (k = 2). © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Terahertz Radiation Detectors Using CMOS Compatible SOI Substrates

Hasan,

Khan,

Shahzadi

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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In recent years, silicon‐based room temperature Terahertz (THz) detectors have become the most optimistic research area because of their high speed, low cost, and unimpeded compatibility with mainstream complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) device technologies. However, Silicon (Si) suffers from low responsivity and high noise at THz frequencies. In this review, the recent advances in Si‐based THz detectors using silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) substrates are presented. These offer several advantages over bulk counterparts, such as reduced parasitic capacitance, enhanced electric field confinement, and improved thermal isolation. The different types of THz detectors exploiting SOI substrate, such as conventional metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs), junction‐less MOSFETs, junction‐less nanowires field effect transistors (JLNWFETs), micro‐electromechanical system (MEMS), metal‐semiconductor‐metal (MSM) structures, and single electron transistor (SET), are discussed, and their key performances in terms of responsivity, noise equivalent power (NEP), bandwidth, and dynamic range are compared. The challenges and opportunities for further improvement of SOI THz detectors, such as device scaling, integration, and modulation, are also highlighted. This review may offer compelling evidence supporting the idea that SOI THz detectors have the potential to facilitate high performance, low power consumption, and scalability—qualities essential for advancing next‐level technologies.

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THz Measurements and Calibration Based on a Blackbody Source

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

Carbon‐based terahertz absorbers: Materials, applications, and perspectives

Carbon‐based terahertz absorbers: Materials, applications, and perspectives

Terahertz power calibration using absolute reference calorimeter

Terahertz Radiation Detectors Using CMOS Compatible SOI Substrates

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