Thyrotropin-Releasing Factor (TRF) Effect on Secretion of Human Pituitary Prolactin and Thyrotropin in Children and in Idiopathic Hypopituitary Dwarfism: Further Evidence for Hypophysiotropic Hormone Deficiencies

Kaplan, Selna L.; Grumbach, Melvin M.; Friesen, Henry G.; Costom, Bruce H.

doi:10.1210/jcem-35-6-825

Cited by 71 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is reported that patients with hypothalamic lesions and IGHD often, but not invariably (Snyder et al 1974;Roitman et al 1980), show delayed and prolonged TSH responses to TRH (Hall et al 1972; Kaplan et al 1972;Faglia et al 1973;Illig et al 1975;Burger and Patel 1977;Okada et al 1978 ;Gamier et al 1983). In this study, all IGHD patients were of euthyroid state, but they showed delayed TSH responses to TRH as was seen also in 2ry GHD patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

See 1 more Smart Citation

GHRH and TRH tests in patients with idiopathic and secondary GH deficiency. With special reference to GH response patterns to GHRH.

Hanew

Sugawara

Utsumi

et al. 1990

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tests in Patients with Idiopathic and Secondary GH Deficiency -With Special Reference to OH Response Patterns to GHRH . Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1990, 160 (3), [189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198][199][200][201][202] To study whether patients with idiopathic GH deficiency (IGHD) show a delayed GH response pattern to GHRH, 42 patients with IGHD, 14 patients with hypothalamic tumor (try GHD), and 23 normal short children (NSC) were examined as to their GH response patterns to GHRH together with their TSH and PRL response patterns to TRH. After TRH injection, the mean time of the TSH peak in IGHD (67.5 + 6.5 min, n = 36) and try GHD patients (81.7± 14.8 min, n = 9) was clearly delayed comparing to that of NSC (29.1 + 2.9 min, n =16 ; both p <0.01). Similarly, the mean time of the PRL peak in IGHD (38.3 + 3.6 min, n = 36) and try GHD patients (39.5 + 5.8, n =11) was significantly delayed comparing to NSC (22.0+3.5 min, both p <0.01). In IGHD patients, the delayed response pattern of TSH and PRL was more remarkable in patients who had breech delivery than in those with normal delivery. In contrast, the mean time of the GH peak was similar in I GHD (62.1±4.0 min, n =41), try GHD (64.1± 8.1 min, n =11) and NSC (58.0± 6.1 min, n =23). However, the decline from peak GH (120 min GH/peak GH) was significantly smaller in IGHD (54.3+ 4.2%) and try GHD (60.7+7.3%) than in NSC (39.0+8.1%) (both p<0.05). Further, in IGHD patients plasma GH response was greater in patients with normal delivery than in those with breech and asphyxia delivery. These results seem to indicate : 1) the stimulus-secretion mechanism is different between somatotrophs and thyrotrophs or lactotrophs in man, 2) IGHD patients have hypothalamic lesions as well as pituitary lesions, 3) such hypothalamo-pituitary lesions in IGHD patients are greater in patients with abnormal delivery than in those with normal delivery, idiopathic GH deficiency ; GHRH ; TRH ; GII ; TSH It is known that patients with hypothalamic lesions and idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) often show delayed TSH responses to TRH adminis-

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…trartration (Hall et al 1972 ; Kaplan et al 1972 ;Faglia et al 1973 ; Illig et al 1975 ; Burger and Patel 1977 ;Okada et al 1978 ; Gamier et al 1983). Generally, there are two hormone pools, one is a readily releasable pool and the other is a newly synthesized pool, in endocrine cells (Hall et al 1972; Orci et al 1972;Bremner and Paulsen 1974).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

GHRH and TRH tests in patients with idiopathic and secondary GH deficiency. With special reference to GH response patterns to GHRH.

Hanew

Sugawara

Utsumi

et al. 1990

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The TSH stimulation test was originally introduced to assist in the diagnosis of hypothalamushypophysis-thyroid axis alterations and evaluations of pituitary TRH reserve; the TRH assays of that time had poor sensitivity and were unable to distinguish between normal and low unstimulated TSH concentration (34)(35)(36). Furthermore, it was claimed that the TRH test could differentiate pituitary and hypothalamic lesions, with an exaggerated or delayed TSH response that can be suggestive of hypothalamic dysfunction or a compressed pituitary stalk (37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid hormones in children with epilepsy during long-term administration of carbamazepine and valproate

Verrotti

Laus

Sereno

et al. 2009

European Journal of Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: This study evaluates the effects of long-term carbamazepine (CBZ) and valproate acid (VPA) therapy on thyroid function in epileptic children. Design: A prospective study performed in 32 newly diagnosed pediatric patients, subdivided into two groups: 18 patients treated with CBZ and 14 patients treated with VPA. Thirty-two sex-and agematched subjects served as controls. Methods: Serum TSH, thyroxine (T 4 ), triiodothyronine (T 3 ), free thyroxine (fT 4 ), free triiodothyronine (fT 3 ), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab), and thyroglobulin antibodies (TG-Ab) were evaluated at baseline and at the 3rd, 6th, and 12th month in all patients and in the control group. A TRH stimulation test was performed in all epileptic patients at baseline and at the 3rd, 6th, and 12th month evaluations while in controls only baseline assessment was carried out. Results: At baseline evaluation, thyroid function was normal in all epileptic children. After 3 months, CBZ-treated patients showed serum T 4 and fT 4 levels significantly lower than baseline evaluation and control subjects. Serum T 4 and fT 4 concentrations were unaffected by VPA monotherapy. Serum T 3 and fT 3 were normal in both CBZ-treated and VPA-treated patients. TRH test was normal in all patients. At 6th and 12th month evaluations, the same alterations were present in CBZ-treated patients while thyroid function remained normal in VPA-treated patients. TRH test responses were normal in all epileptic patients. TPO-Ab and TG-Ab were always absent in all patients. Conclusions: Our data suggest that VPA monotherapy does not alter thyroid hormones. On the contrary, alterations of thyroid hormones occur in CBZ-treated children. However, the patients are euthyroid and thyroid hormone alterations are not associated with clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism.

show abstract

“…Removing (43), is now well documented in man (44)(45)(46); however, there is no evidence that TRF is the hypothetical PRF. What are the mechanisms involved in the sharp rise of plasma PRL in the maternal and fetal circulations toward the end of gestation? Several aspects should be considered: (a) the modulation of the hypothalamic control of PRL in pregnant women, (b) the maturation of this control in the fetus, and (c) the influence of the gestational hormones on the hypothalamus and/or the pituitary gland of the fetus and the pregnant woman.…”

Section: Ontogenesis Of Human Fetal Hormones 159mentioning

confidence: 99%

The ontogenesis of human fetal hormones. III. Prolactin.

Aubert¹,

Grumbach²,

Kaplan³

1975

J. Clin. Invest.

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A B S T R A C T The synthesis and release of human prolactin (hPRL) in the human fetus was assessed by radioimmunoassay analysis of the content and concentration of hPRL in 82 pituitary glands and the concentration of serum hPRL in 47 fetuses of gestational age 68 days to term. Fetal hPRL exhibited parallelism with the reference standard (Lewis 203-1). hPRL was detected by 68 days of gestation (10 wk), the earliest fetal pituitary gland studied; 8 out of 33 pituitaries had a prolactin (PRL) content above 2.0 ng between 10-15 wk gestation. The mean content of PRL in the pituitary gland increased sharply from 14.8±4.6 ng at 15-19 wk to 405±142 ng at 20-24 wk and 542±204 ng at 25-29 wk gestation. By term, the mean content was 2,039± 459 (range 493-3,689) and the mean concentration 15.9±2.4 ng/mg (range 7-20). There was a significant positive correlation (P < 0.001) between the hPRL and human growth hormone (hGH) content of fetal pituitary glands; at term the hPRL/hGH ratio was 1/290. The concentration of serum hPRL between 12 and 24 wk ranged from 2.9 to 67 ng/ml, mean 19.5±2.5 ng/ml (n = 41); by 26 wk fetal serum hPRL increased sharply and attained levels of 300-500 ng/ml in late gestation. At delivery, the mean plasma concentration of hPRL was 167±+14.2 ng/ml in 36 umbilical venous specimens and 111.8±12.3 ng/ml in the matched maternal venous specimens. No correlation between serum hPRL and the pituitary content or concentration of hPRL was demonstrable in 12 matched fetal specimens.In five anencephalic infants, umbilical venous hPRL levels were between 65 and 283 ng/ml. In two anencephalic infants, thyrotropin releasing factor (TRF) (200 Ag IV) evoked a rise in serum hPRL in one patient from 43 to 156 ng/ml at 30 min, and in the other from 65 to Dr. Aubert is recipient of a grant from the Swiss National Fund for Scientific Research.

show abstract

Thyrotropin-Releasing Factor (TRF) Effect on Secretion of Human Pituitary Prolactin and Thyrotropin in Children and in Idiopathic Hypopituitary Dwarfism: Further Evidence for Hypophysiotropic Hormone Deficiencies

Cited by 71 publications

References 17 publications

GHRH and TRH tests in patients with idiopathic and secondary GH deficiency. With special reference to GH response patterns to GHRH.

GHRH and TRH tests in patients with idiopathic and secondary GH deficiency. With special reference to GH response patterns to GHRH.

Thyroid hormones in children with epilepsy during long-term administration of carbamazepine and valproate

The ontogenesis of human fetal hormones. III. Prolactin.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About