Thyroid swellings- A Common Problem in Hilly Areas

Bhatia, Dr Shenny; Mahajan, Dr Sumeet; kaur, Dr Manpreet; Kansal, Dr. Parul

doi:10.9790/0853-13518890

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Hyperplastic lesions (goiter) are the commonest disorders of the thyroid gland in this study. This finding has been consistently reported by researchers [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. We found simple multinodular goiter as the singular lesion with highest frequency of all hyperplastic lesions, and of the entire population, accounting for 68.5% of all thyroid lesions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Malignant thyroid neoplasms (21.0%) were commoner than benign (19.0%) neoplastic proliferations. This finding was corroborated byChalya et al, and Bhaita et al [16,17]. However many other researchers reported a preponderance of benign neoplasm [14,15,18,19,20,25,26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…This low figure might not be unconnected with insufficiency of iodine in our locality (Plateau state, Nigeria) [30]. The rare occurrence of autoimmune thyroiditis was reported in most African studies [11,14,15,17,18,19,20,26,27,54,55 [27] reported a frequency of 1.3%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 1,3% respectively. Genetic factors have been suggested to be contributory to thyroid autoantibodies in Africa [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Disease of the Thyroid Gland: A Histopathological Perspective

Emmanuel,

Aliyu,

Ochigbo

et al. 2019

AJRRE

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Disease of the Thyroid Gland: A Histopathological Perspective

Emmanuel,

Aliyu,

Ochigbo

et al. 2019

AJRRE

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“…The probable explanation could be the dietary habits of the people who consume foods that have naturally occurring goitrogens such as soybean, millets, sweet potato, cabbage, and cauliflower, and leaching of iodine by erosion of soil in mountainous area also reported in the study by Bhatia et al . [ 20 ] Another reason could be that these districts may be in the transition phase where universal salt iodization may show result a few years down the line.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Goiter prevalence in school-going children: A cross-sectional study in two border districts of sub-Himalayan Jammu and Kashmir

Gupta

Langer

Raina³

et al. 2016

J Family Med Prim Care

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Introduction:Iodine deficiency disorder remains one of the major public health problems, despite it being easily preventable. Initially thought as the disorder of Himalayan goiter belt, the disorder has been found to have a pan-India presence. The study was planned with the aim to assess the prevalence of goiter among 6–12 years school-going children and to identify levels of iodine in salt consumed at the household level in the study area.Materials and Methods:The study was conducted among 3955 school-going (2162 children from Rajouri and 1793 children from Poonch) children age 6–12 years in Rajouri and Poonch districts of Jammu Province. The children were examined clinically to detect and grade the goiter. Salt samples were collected from subsample (n = 400) to estimate iodine content in the salt.Results:The prevalence of goiter in the study population was found to be 18.87% and 9.70% in Rajouri and Poonch districts, respectively. Goiter prevalence was higher in 9–12 years age group as compared to 6–9 years age group and the difference in goiter prevalence in males of these two age groups was statistically significant (P = 0.02). Estimation of iodine content of the salt samples revealed that all of them (100%) had adequate iodine content.Conclusion:Despite the implementation of Universal Iodization Program and adequate content of iodine in salt consumed by the families, the goiter prevalence in both the districts is high. The future research should focus on identifying the reasons for this high prevalence.

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“…Himachal Pradesh, a northern state of India, is also part of world's largest goitre belt, the Himalayan goitre belt [2]. The increased prevalence of goitre could possibly be due the loss of iodine from the soil and the intake of goitrogens (soyabean, sweet potato, broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower) by the inhabitants [3]. In one of the districts of our state, the total goitre rate of 15.8% in the age group of 6-12 years, points out that our population still has mild iodine deficiency even after 60 years of iodine supplementation [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Cyto-Morphological Profile of Thyroid Swellings Using Bethesda System for Reporting and its Correlation with Biochemical Parameters in Cases of Autoimmune Thyroiditis: A Sub-Himalayan Tertiary Care Experience

Bodh¹,

Thakur²,

Kumar³

et al. 2023

Act Scie Canbio

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Background: Thyroid disorders are among the commonest endocrine disorders worldwide, including India. FNAC (fine needle aspiration cytology) is used for thyroid swelling as the initial diagnostic test due to its superior diagnostic reliability and costeffectiveness. Thyroid antibody levels and thyroid function test are among the many other initial tests available for thyroid lesions.Objective: To study the cytomorphological profile of thyroid swelling using the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology in a sub-Himalayan tertiary care centre, and assess correlation of biochemical parameters in cytologically diagnosed cases of autoimmune thryoiditis. Materials and Methods:In this retrospective study, departmental records of FNAC performed for thyroid swelling between March 2018 and February 2021 were retrieved and analysed. The Bethesda system was used for reporting of cytology. Biochemical parameters such as antithyroid peroxidase antibody (Anti-TPO) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) of autoimmune thyroiditis were assessed to find out their association with the cytopathology.Results: A total of 303 FNAC of palpable thyroid swelling were included in the present study. 9 (2.97%) cases were nondiagnostic-Bethesda category I, 256 (84.49%) were diagnosed as benign-category II, 4 (1.32%) atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/AFLUS)-category III, 10 (3.30%) as follicular neoplasm or suspicious for follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN)-category IV, 2 (0.66%) suspicious for malignancy (SM)-category V and 22 were malignant-category VI. Among the benign cases (category II), the final diagnosis was colloid goitre in 143 (47.19%) and autoimmune thyroiditis in 102 (33.66%). Out of 102 autoimmune thyroiditis cases, biochemical reports (Anti-TPO and TSH) were available in 85 patients. Anti-TPO was raised in 74 out of 85 cases (87.06%). Sixty three of 85 (74.11%) cases were euthyroid, 18 (21.18%) hypothyroid and 04 (4.71%) hyperthyroid. In category VI, papillary carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma was seen in 20 (6.60%) and 2 (0.66%) cases respectively. Conclusion:Colloid goitre followed by autoimmune thyroiditis, were the most common lesions on evaluating thyroid swelling.Relatively autoimmune thyroiditis was more prevalent in our region.

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Thyroid swellings- A Common Problem in Hilly Areas

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Disease of the Thyroid Gland: A Histopathological Perspective

Disease of the Thyroid Gland: A Histopathological Perspective

Goiter prevalence in school-going children: A cross-sectional study in two border districts of sub-Himalayan Jammu and Kashmir

Evaluation of Cyto-Morphological Profile of Thyroid Swellings Using Bethesda System for Reporting and its Correlation with Biochemical Parameters in Cases of Autoimmune Thyroiditis: A Sub-Himalayan Tertiary Care Experience

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