Thyroid Stimulators in Health and Disease*

Anti-alprenolol anti-idiotypic antibodies bind to beta-adrenergic receptors and modulate catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase.

“…3; unpublished data). This is in agreement with observations made in other systems: animals do not make anti-receptor binding site antibodies upon immunization with insulin, acetylcholine, or thyrotropin receptors despite the fact that in pathological conditions such as autoimmune diabetes (4), myasthenia gravis (5), Graves disease (6), and 02-adrenergic hyporesponsiveness in allergic rhinitis (7) anti-binding site antibodies probably constitute an important basis for the etiopathogeny.…”

Direct method for detection and characterization of cell surface receptors for insulin by means of 125I-labeled autoantibodies against the insulin receptor.

“…membranes, and the degree of inhibition is related to the stimulatory activity (15). The autoantibodies found in patients with myasthenia gravis bind to neuromuscular junctions and reduce the number of cholinergic binding sites.…”

“…Under these conditions, the IgG was not adsorbed to the column (7). The IgG was iodinated by a modification of the chloramine-T method (8) to a specific activity of [14][15] ,Ci/,g, which was equivalent to the incorporation of one I atom per IgG molecule (the original 125I-IgG). An enriched '25I-antireceptor antibody was prepared by selective cytoadsorption and subsequent elution from cells rich in insulin receptors (Results and Fig.…”

Nucleic acid sequence of an internal image-bearing monoclonal anti-idiotype and its comparison to the sequence of the external antigen.

“…For example, polyclonal rabbit anti-idiotypic antibodies raised against antibodies to the physiologic ligands, such as insulin (5,6), retinol binding protein (5), and alprenolol (7), were able to bind the cellular receptors of these ligands. The detection of anti-idiotypic antibodies in the sera of patients with autoimmune disorders such as type B insulin-resistant diabetes, Graves disease, and myasthenia gravis has also helped to explain the presence of receptor-binding immunoglobulins in these sera (8)(9)(10). Anti-idiotypic antibodies have been developed in our laboratory to probe cell surface receptors for the mammalian reovirus type 3.…”