Thyroid nodules in acromegaly

Rogozinski, Amelia; Furioso, Alejandra; Glikman, Patricia; Junco, Marcelo; Laudi, Rosa; Reyes, Adriana; Löwenstein, Alicia

doi:10.1590/s0004-27302012000500004

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This rate of thyroid malignancy (2.4%) is lower than previously reported [12]–[15], but represents a significant increase with respect to the general population [23], [24]. However, these figures should be interpreted in parallel to epidemiological data from specific geographical regions.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

“…In previous studies performed many years ago [8]–[11], goiter and thyroid nodules appeared to be more frequent among patients with acromegaly, but the prevalence of thyroid carcinoma was thought to be low, and its true incidence was unknown. More recent studies [12]–[15] have reported an overwhelming increase in thyroid cancer prevalence (11.0, 7.2, 7.8 and 10.6%, respectively). However, only the one by dos Santos et al [13] evaluated a significantly large number of patients in a cross-sectional protocol, to be considered consistent enough.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, only the one by dos Santos et al [13] evaluated a significantly large number of patients in a cross-sectional protocol, to be considered consistent enough. The other studies from the same institution [14], [15], are retrospective [14], [15] and included a limited number of patients [12], [14], [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benign and Malignant Nodular Thyroid Disease in Acromegaly. Is a Routine Thyroid Ultrasound Evaluation Advisable?

et al. 2014

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Data on the prevalence of benign and malignant nodular thyroid disease in patients with acromegaly is a matter of debate. In the last decade an increasing incidence of thyroid cancer has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of goiter, thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer in a large series of patients with acromegaly with a cross-sectional study with a control group. Six Spanish university hospitals participated. One hundred and twenty three patients (50% men; mean age 59±13 years; disease duration 6.7±7.2 years) and 50 controls (51% males, mean age 58±15 years) were studied. All participants underwent thyroid ultrasound and fine needle aspiration. Cytological analysis was performed in suspicious nodules between 0.5 and 1.0 cm and in all nodules greater than 1.0 cm. Goiter was more frequently found in patients than in controls (24.9 vs. 8.3%, respectively; p<0.001). Nodular thyroid disease as well as nodules greater than 1 cm were also more prevalent in acromegalic patients (64.6%, vs. 28.6%, p<0.05 and 53.3 vs. 28.6%, respectively; p<0.05), and all underwent fine needle aspiration. Suspicious cytology was detected in 4 patients and in none of the controls. After thyroidectomy, papillary thyroid carcinoma was confirmed in two cases (3.3% of patients with thyroid nodules), representing 1.6% of the entire group of patients with acromegaly (2.4% including a case with previously diagnosed papillary thyroid carcinoma). These data indicated that thyroid nodular disease and cancer are increased in acromegaly, thus justifying its routine ultrasound screening.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Benign and Malignant Nodular Thyroid Disease in Acromegaly. Is a Routine Thyroid Ultrasound Evaluation Advisable?

et al. 2014

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“…It has been well documented that there is an increased prevalence of benign thyroid lesions in patients with acromegaly [1,2,4,5,7,8]. A connection between acromegaly and malignant thyroid disease remains controversial, as several studies have found such a link (2.5% to 7%) [4,[8][9][10][11], while others have not [12]. One of the first prospective studies in the area, did find an increase in thyroid cancer in acromegalic patients, which found a prevalence of thyroid cancer of 11% in this group [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have reported on the high prevalence of goitrous disorders [1] and increased rates of thyroid malignancy among patients with acromegaly [2][3][4]. In most studies, patients were only included in cancer estimates if they presented with acromegaly and were then found to have a malignancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidental Growth Hormone Producing Pituitary Adenoma in a Case of Recurrent Nodular Goiter and Thyroid Carcinoma

Christopoulos¹

2014

J Clin Trials

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Objective: Studies report an increased prevalence of thyroid tumors among patients with acromegaly. Acromegaly often has a subtle presentation and is likely underdiagnosed. This report highlights the development of recurrent thyroid neoplasia in a patient with undiagnosed acromegaly and raises awareness of thyroid malignancy in patients with acromegaly.Case report: Mrs. R is a 47-year-old woman who presented with a recurrent goiter following two partial thyroidectomies, then was diagnosed with acromegaly and subsequently papillary thyroid cancer.Methods: A review of the English-language literature on the PubMed database of acromegaly and thyroid cancer was performed. DNA from the tumor and adjacent benign thyroid tissue was tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/direct sequencing of genomic DNA for genetic abnormalities. Results:The relationship between the Growth Hormone (GH)/Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) axis and the thyroid hyperplasia and neoplasia was detailed. The increased risk of malignancy occurs under the influence of specific goitrogens namely, prolonged GH/IGF-1 exposure. Conclusion:The reported link between acromegaly and thyroid tumors should raise suspicion of malignancy in acromegalic patients with thyroid nodules. Additionally, an increased suspicion of acromegaly should be entertained in patients with recurrent thyroid nodular hyperplasia following partial thyroidectomy.

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Impact of Growth Hormone on Regulation of Adipose Tissue

Troike

Henry

Jensen

et al. 2017

Comprehensive Physiology

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Increasing prevalence of obesity and obesity-related conditions worldwide has necessitated a more thorough understanding of adipose tissue (AT) and expanded the scope of research in this field. AT is now understood to be far more complex and dynamic than previously thought, which has also fueled research to reevaluate how hormones, such as growth hormone (GH), alter the tissue. In this review, we will introduce properties of AT important for understanding how GH alters the tissue, such as anatomical location of depots and adipokine output. We will provide an overview of GH structure and function and define several human conditions and cognate mouse lines with extremes in GH action that have helped shape our understanding of GH and AT. A detailed discussion of the GH/AT relationship will be included that addresses adipokine production, immune cell populations, lipid metabolism, senescence, differentiation, and fibrosis, as well as brown AT and beiging of white AT. A brief overview of how GH levels are altered in an obese state, and the efficacy of GH as a therapeutic option to manage obesity will be given. As we will reveal, the effects of GH on AT are numerous, dynamic and depot-dependent. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:819-840, 2017.

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Thyroid nodules in acromegaly

Cited by 31 publications

References 28 publications

Benign and Malignant Nodular Thyroid Disease in Acromegaly. Is a Routine Thyroid Ultrasound Evaluation Advisable?

Benign and Malignant Nodular Thyroid Disease in Acromegaly. Is a Routine Thyroid Ultrasound Evaluation Advisable?

Incidental Growth Hormone Producing Pituitary Adenoma in a Case of Recurrent Nodular Goiter and Thyroid Carcinoma

Impact of Growth Hormone on Regulation of Adipose Tissue

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