Thyroid Hormones and Functional Ovarian Reserve: Systemic vs. Peripheral Dysfunctions

Colella, Marco; Cuomo, Danila; Giacco, Antonia; Mallardo, Massimo; Felice, Mario De; Ambrosino, Concetta

doi:10.3390/jcm9061679

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 131 publications

(143 reference statements)

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“…The importance of thyroid hormones for ovarian function has been extensively revised recently and the authors concluded that abnormal levels of thyroid hormones, especially during puberty and fertile age, might result in ovarian dysfunction throughout the entire life [19]. In this prospective study, we observed that there is no significant alteration in the ovarian reserve of women with TAID.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Other reports showed small changes in LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release and the presence of mature follicles and corpus luteum [17]. In humans, some studies support the relationship between hypothyroidism and a diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) [18,19]. The DOR is defined by a reduced response to ovarian stimulation in women of reproductive age with regular menstrual cycles when compared to women of equivalent age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between thyroid autoimmunity and ovarian reserve in women with hypothyroidism

et al. 2021

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Background The ovarian function and therefore the ovarian reserve may be compromised by the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases of which, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the most common in women of reproductive age. Furthermore, a prolonged reduction in thyroid hormone concentration results in a broad spectrum of reproductive alteration. Previous reports in the literature have been controversial regarding the impact of hypothyroidism and alterations in the ovarian reserve. Thus, this prospective and comparative study aimed to evaluate the association of hypothyroidism with low ovarian reserve. Materials and Methods A subset of 27 patients with primary autoimmune hypothyroidism were compared to healthy women. The ovarian reserve was assessed through the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and the antral follicle count (AFC). Results Overall, the two groups did not display significant differences in length of their menstrual cycles neither in the AMH serum levels nor the AFC. Conclusions No significant alteration was found in the ovarian reserve of women with HT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between thyroid autoimmunity and ovarian reserve in women with hypothyroidism

et al. 2021

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“…In addition to promoting tissue differentiation, maintaining the excitability of the nervous system and promoting protein synthesis (18), thyroid hormones can also affect sugar and lipid metabolism (19), and it participates in the development of various diseases such as diabetes, coronary heart disease (20). Several reports (21)(22)(23) have explored the relationship between thyroid hormones and glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM patients, and have provide some theoretical basis for the treatment and T2DM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The thyroid hormone levels and glucose and lipid metabolism in children with type 1 diabetes: a correlation analysis

Yuan¹,

Sun²,

Liu³

et al. 2021

Transl Pediatr

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Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is common in clinical setting, the relationship between thyroid hormone levels and glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with T1DM remains unclear. We attempted to analyze the correlation of thyroid hormone levels and blood glucose and lipid metabolism in children with normal thyroid function.Methods: Children with T1DM were selected, and 85 healthy children who underwent physical examinations in our hospital as control group. The characteristics and laboratory testing results were compared, the correlation of thyroid hormone levels with blood glucose and blood lipids was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results: A total of 167 participants were included. the low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc) in T1DM patients were higher than those in healthy controls, while the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) in T1DM patients were lower than that of healthy children (all P<0.05). TSH was positively correlated with LDL-C (r=0.169, P=0.032), TC (r=0.182, P=0.017) and TG (r=0.197, P=0.008), negatively correlated with FBG (r=−0.196, P=0.023) and HbAlc (r=−0.328, P=0.002). FT3 was negatively correlated with TG (r=−0.182, P=0.011), FBG (r=−0.184, P=0.009)and HbAlc (r=−0.223, P=0.005). TG in the high TSH group and the middle TSH group is higher than that of low TSH group. However, FBG and HbAlc were lower than those in the low TSH group (all P<0.05).Compared with the low FT3 group, the TG, FBG and HbAlc decreased in the high and middle FT3 group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The serum TSH are closely associated with FT3 and glycolipid metabolism in children with T1DM, which may be the useful indicators to assess the severity of T1DM in clinical settings to provide insights into the management of T1DM.

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“…Furthermore, a local action of THs on the female reproductive organs and the embryo during implantation has to must be considered crucial for a successful pregnancy, as well [ 10 ]. Therefore, TSH may be a factor influencing ovarian reserves, and elevated TSH levels may have a deleterious effect on ovarian function [ 11 , 12 ]. In women with treated primary hypothyroidism, it has been demonstrated that an increase in pre-pregnancy doses of Levothyroxine (LT4), up to 26%, at confirmation of gestation or when seeking pregnancy guarantees an adequate hormonal level in early pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Impact of Levothyroxine Treatment on Pregnancy Outcome in Euthyroid Women with Thyroid Autoimmunity Affected by Recurrent Miscarriage

Lago

Galanti

Miriello

et al. 2021

JCM

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Impaired thyroid hormone availability during early pregnancy is associated with recurrent miscarriage (RM) and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The main cause of thyroid dysfunction is thyroid-related autoimmunity (TAI), characterized by a significantly higher serum level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) compared to that of women without thyroid autoimmunity. TAI is associated with a significantly increased risk of miscarriage, and the incidence of TAI in women experiencing RM is higher compared to normal fertile women. In the present study, we have performed a retrospective analysis comparing the ability to conceive, the number of miscarriages and full-term pregnancies between 227 euthyroid women with autoimmune thyroid disease affected by RM and treated with levothyroxine (LT4) as adjuvant therapy, and a control group of 230 untreated women. We have observed a significant improvement of full-term pregnancies in treated women (59%) compared to untreated women (13%, p < 0.0001). Compared to the control group, treated women had a lower percentage of miscarriages (12% vs. 30%) and improved capacity to conceive (57% vs. 29%). Using age as a variable, the outcome in women younger than 35 years was not influenced by the LT4 therapy. Whereas, in women over 35 years, supplementation with LT4 significantly reduced the miscarriage rate (p < 0.05). We can conclude that a transient impairment of TH availability, not easily detectable before pregnancy, could be an important cause of RM in a subset of euthyroid women with autoimmune thyroid disease. This transient impairment may be reverted using adjuvant treatment with low doses of LT4.

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Thyroid Hormones and Functional Ovarian Reserve: Systemic vs. Peripheral Dysfunctions

Cited by 20 publications

References 131 publications

Association between thyroid autoimmunity and ovarian reserve in women with hypothyroidism

Association between thyroid autoimmunity and ovarian reserve in women with hypothyroidism

The thyroid hormone levels and glucose and lipid metabolism in children with type 1 diabetes: a correlation analysis

Positive Impact of Levothyroxine Treatment on Pregnancy Outcome in Euthyroid Women with Thyroid Autoimmunity Affected by Recurrent Miscarriage

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