Thyroid hormones and commonly cited symptoms of overtraining in collegiate female endurance runners

Nicoll, Justin X.; Hatfield, Disa L.; Melanson, Kathleen J.; Nasin, Christopher S.

doi:10.1007/s00421-017-3723-9

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These studies have shown leptin to increase [8] or decrease [63], while ghrelin was not affected [63] by the overload training period, but both studies did not differentiate between athletes who developed FOR and those that did not have a performance decrement. Furthermore, a recent meta-analysis [32] identified that glutamine and the testosterone:cortisol ratio exhibited some consistent evidence of changes in response to overload training, while other research [64] suggests that changes in the thyroid hormones may be related to changes in performance in endurance runners [64]. However, while changes in these biomarkers occur in response to periods of overload training, these changes have not been shown to differentiate between overreached and non-overreached athletes.…”

Section: Hormonal Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, whether these ratios are able to delineate between athletes that are FOR or not overreached remains to be determined. [64,92,93]. The natural variation in training load and other stressors may provide enough stress to induce a state of overreaching which could be captured through continuous monitoring.…”

Section: Preventing the Negative Consequences Of Overreachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Overreaching in Endurance Athletes: A Necessity or Cause for Concern?

Bellinger

2020

Sports Med

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There are variable responses to short-term periods of increased training load in endurance athletes, whereby some athletes improve without deleterious effects on performance, while others show diminished exercise performance for a period of days to months. The time course of the decrement in performance and subsequent restoration, or super compensation, has been used to distinguish between the different stages of the fitness-fatigue adaptive continuum termed functional overreaching (FOR), non-functional overreaching (NFOR) or overtraining syndrome. The short-term transient training-induced decrements in performance elicited by increases in training load (i.e., FOR) is thought be a sufficient and necessary component of a training program and is often deliberately induced in training in order to promote meaningful physiological adaptations and performance super-compensation. Despite the supposition that deliberately inducing FOR in athletes may be necessary in order to achieve performance supercompensation, FOR has been associated with various negative cardiovascular, hormonal and metabolic consequences. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated dampened training and performance adaptations in FOR athletes compared to non-overreached athletes who completed the same training program or the same relative increase in training load. However, this is not always the case and a number of studies have also demonstrated substantial performance super-compensation in athletes who were classified as being FOR. It is possible that there are a number of contextual factors that may influence the metabolic consequences associated with FOR and classifying this training-induced state of fatigue based purely on adecrement in performance may be an oversimplification. Here, the most recent research on FOR in endurance athletes will be critically evaluated to determine: i) if there is sufficient evidence to indicate that inducing a state of FOR is necessary and required in order to induce a performance super-compensation; ii) the metabolic consequences that are associated with FOR, and; iii) strategies that may prevent the negative consequences of overreaching.

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Section: Hormonal Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preventing the Negative Consequences Of Overreachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Overreaching in Endurance Athletes: A Necessity or Cause for Concern?

Bellinger

2020

Sports Med

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“…Os hormônios tireoidianos foram examinados em relação ao desempenho e à percepção de fadiga em corredoras de endurance por Nicoll et al (34). Os resultados mostraram que as concentrações dos hormônios tireoidianos sofreram alterações de forma muito lenta para serem utilizadas como marcadores preditores de OTS, todavia, estavam associadas ao declínio no desempenho.…”

Section: Imunológicos E Hematológicosunclassified

“…A literatura mostra que as escalas visuais analógicas são ferramentas úteis para facilmente monitorar o estado dos atletas em relação ao esforço e à fadiga. Nicoll et al (34) investigaram a relação da escala visual de fadiga em atletas femininas de ciclismo como indicador de OTS. A escala apresenta classificações de fadiga com psicometria padrão com valores de 1 a 10.…”

Section: Parâmetros Psicológicos E Interação Com Marcadores Fisiológicosunclassified

Síndrome de overtraining – sintomas e prevenção: uma revisão sistemática

Macedo

Martins

2018

Rev Ed Física / J Phys Ed

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Introdução: O treinamento pode ser definido como um processo de aumento na carga de trabalho físico e períodos de descanso. Se esses períodos não forem aplicados adequadamente, os atletas podem desenvolver síndrome de excesso de treinamento (overtraining syndrome: OTS).Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura acerca da OTS, abordando os principais marcadores fisiológicos, os parâmetros psicológicos relacionados e identificar estratégias para a prevenção da síndrome.Métodos: Este estudo foi do tipo revisão integrativa. A busca foi realizada na base da dados do PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine), que inclui MedLine e outras bases científicas, principal fonte de consulta científica na área das ciências da saúde. A linguagem utilizada foi o inglês e, para rastrear as publicações, foram utilizados os seguintes termos: “overtraining” and “markers”; “overtraining”and “psychological symptoms”; and “overtraining”and “heart rate”.Resultados e Discussão: Observou-se que, de um lado, alguns pesquisadores utilizaram apenas marcadores fisiológicos para tentar diagnosticar OTS. E, por outro lado, outros cientistas incluíram no diagnóstico da OTS também os sintomas de estresse psicológico e têm buscado instrumentos preditores de OTS para preveni-la. Há necessidade de melhor definição dos termos e conceitos para favorecer a comparabilidade entre os estudos.Conclusão: Sugere-se que os treinadores, incluam no planejamento e periodização do treinamento, avaliações dos marcadores bio-psico-fisiológicos em conjunto com os marcadores fisiológicos para identificar precocemente sintomas de fadiga aguda e de ultrapassagem dos limites físicos no treinamento (overreaching) buscando prevenir a OTS. Overtraining Syndrome – Symptoms and Prevention: a Systematic ReviewIntrodução: O treinamento pode ser definido como um processo de aumento na carga de trabalho físico e períodos de descanso. Se esses períodos não forem aplicados adequadamente, os atletas podem desenvolver síndrome de excesso de treinamento (overtraining syndrome: OTS).Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura acerca da OTS, abordando os principais marcadores fisiológicos, os parâmetros psicológicos relacionados e identificar estratégias para a prevenção da síndrome.Métodos: Este estudo foi do tipo revisão integrativa. A busca foi realizada na base da dados do PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine), que inclui MedLine e outras bases científicas, principal fonte de consulta científica na área das ciências da saúde. A linguagem utilizada foi o inglês e, para rastrear as publicações, foram utilizados os seguintes termos: “overtraining” and “markers”; “overtraining”and “psychological symptoms”; and “overtraining”and “heart rate”.Resultados e Discussão: Observou-se que, de um lado, alguns pesquisadores utilizaram apenas marcadores fisiológicos para tentar diagnosticar OTS. E, por outro lado, outros cientistas incluíram no diagnóstico da OTS também os sintomas de estresse psicológico e têm buscado instrumentos preditores de OTS para preveni-la. Há necessidade de melhor definição dos termos e conceitos para favorecer a comparabilidade entre os estudos.Conclusão: Sugere-se que os treinadores, incluam no planejamento e periodização do treinamento, avaliações dos marcadores bio-psico-fisiológicos em conjunto com os marcadores fisiológicos para identificar precocemente sintomas de fadiga aguda e de ultrapassagem dos limites físicos no treinamento (overreaching) buscando prevenir a OTS.

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“…Leptin, whose secretion is also inhibited during intensive physical effort, also has a considerable influence on puberty [21–23]. Special attention is also ascribed to the interactions between the HPG axis and testosterone, along with hyperandrogenism [24–26] connected with it, and thyroid hormones [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menstrual disorders in amateur dancers

Witkoś

Wróbel

2019

BMC Women's Health

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Background Rigorous exercise undertaken by young girls, combined with a negative energetic balance, is related to substantial physiological changes in a competitor’s body, often leading to hormonal imbalance manifested by: delayed puberty, delayed menstruation, menstrual disorders, and even long-term secondary amenorrhoea. Very lean competitors, with insufficient body fat content, are not capable of maintaining oestrogen production at an optimal level, which results in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis abnormalities and menstrual disorders. Studies involving research on menstrual disorders in amateur dancers are scarce. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate whether menstrual disorders are present among young amateur dancers. Methods The study involved 233 females of a mean age of 22.1 years (SD ± 4.9), training amateur ballroom dancing. The questionnaire included questions regarding the regularity of the menstrual cycle, including the absence of a menstrual period, causes of menstrual disorders and breakthrough bleeding. Results Menstrual disorders following a period of regular menstruation were reported by 132 (56.7%) of ballroom dancers. In 105 (79.5%), the absence of a menstrual period lasted for less than 3 months, in 18 (13.6%) it persisted for 3 up to 6 months, while in 9 (6.8%) it lasted for over 6 months. Conclusions The research conducted concluded that with an increased number of hours spent in training by amateur dancers, there was a statistically significant increase in the chance for menstrual disorders; the more training sessions per week there were, the longer the breaks in menstruation were noted. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12905-019-0779-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Thyroid hormones and commonly cited symptoms of overtraining in collegiate female endurance runners

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Functional Overreaching in Endurance Athletes: A Necessity or Cause for Concern?

Functional Overreaching in Endurance Athletes: A Necessity or Cause for Concern?

Síndrome de overtraining – sintomas e prevenção: uma revisão sistemática

Menstrual disorders in amateur dancers

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