Thyroid Hormone Metabolism and Transport

Germain, Donald L. St.; Hernández, Arturo

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-18907-1.00076-7

Cited by 1 publication

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References 303 publications

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“…Triac is excreted in the urine after conjugation to glucuronic acid. Tetrac and Triac are much better substrates for glucuronidation than T4 and T3 and are, as sulfates and glucuronates, better substrates for deiodination in liver and kidney than T3 and T4 ( 109 ).…”

Section: Biological Effects Of Metabolisation Products Of Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Role and Use of Thyroid Hormone Metabolites - Potential Utility in COVID-19 Patients

Frőhlich

Wahl

2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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Thyroxine and triiodothyronine (T3) are classical thyroid hormones and with relatively well-understood actions. In contrast, the physiological role of thyroid hormone metabolites, also circulating in the blood, is less well characterized. These molecules, namely, reverse triiodothyronine, 3,5-diiodothyronine, 3-iodothyronamine, tetraiodoacetic acid and triiodoacetic acid, mediate both agonistic (thyromimetic) and antagonistic actions additional to the effects of the classical thyroid hormones. Here, we provide an overview of the main factors influencing thyroid hormone action, and then go on to describe the main effects of the metabolites and their potential use in medicine. One section addresses thyroid hormone levels in corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19). It appears that i) the more potently-acting molecules T3 and triiodoacetic acid have shorter half-lives than the less potent antagonists 3-iodothyronamine and tetraiodoacetic acid; ii) reverse T3 and 3,5-diiodothyronine may serve as indicators for metabolic dysregulation and disease, and iii) Nanotetrac may be a promising candidate for treating cancer, and resmetirom and VK2809 for steatohepatitis. Further, the use of L-T3 in the treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients is critically discussed.

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Section: Biological Effects Of Metabolisation Products Of Thmentioning

confidence: 99%