Thyroid Hormone Effects on Growth, Development, and Metabolism

McNabb, F. M. Anne

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-629055-4.50020-9

Cited by 62 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Triiodothyronine is the main metabolic stimulating hormone (McNabb & King, 1993;Gabarrou et al, 1997). Plasma T 3 and T 4 concentrations are associated strongly with metabolism regulation and they are important growth promoters in chickens McNabb & King, 1993;Carew et al, 1998;Gonzales et al, 1999;Yahav, 2000). Sun et al (2006) demonstrated that T 4 is the most important hormone for predicting the percentage carcass fat in ad libitumfed pullets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Namroud et al (2008) reported that lower CP levels may increase fattening quantitatively. Triiodothyronine is the main metabolic stimulating hormone (McNabb & King, 1993;Gabarrou et al, 1997). Plasma T 3 and T 4 concentrations are associated strongly with metabolism regulation and they are important growth promoters in chickens McNabb & King, 1993;Carew et al, 1998;Gonzales et al, 1999;Yahav, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of glycine and glutamic acid supplementation to low protein diets on performance, thyroid function and fat deposition in chickens

et al. 2010

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Consumption of low crude protein (CP) diets causes elevation in fat accumulation in chickens, and this effect is independent of dietary essential amino acid levels. Thyroid hormones, because of their metabolic regulatory characteristics, might be an effective factor in lipogenesis. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate the influence of low CP diets on hormonal function of the thyroid. Two hundred and sixteen male broiler chicks, 10 -25 days of age, were fed experimental diets that contained 230, 210, 190 and 170 g CP/kg with adequate amounts of total and digestible essential amino acids at or above NRC (1994) recommendations. Two other diets were the same as the 190 and 170 g CP/kg diets but contained additional glycine and glutamic acid. Reduction in CP below 190 g/kg led to a decline in body weight and feed intake and an increase in fat deposition in body, as would be expected. Plasma T 4 concentration decreased significantly in the birds on the 170 g CP/kg diet and supplementation of glycine and glutamic acid had no effect on hormonal levels of the thyroid despite the reduction in whole-body and abdominal cavity fat deposition. Plasma T 3 concentration was not affected. Therefore, it is concluded that a reduction in circulatory levels of T 4 that occurs in broiler chicks fed diets containing below 190 g CP/kg though with adequate essential amino acids, may be an effective method of increasing fat deposition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of glycine and glutamic acid supplementation to low protein diets on performance, thyroid function and fat deposition in chickens

et al. 2010

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“…A gradient of RA in limb buds controls normal limb development in avian and mammalian embryos (Thaller and Eichele, 1987), and excessive or insufficient amounts can result in malformations. Thyroid hormones are involved in vertebrate development, metamorphosis in amphibians and some fish (e.g., flounder, eels) as well as growth and regulation of metabolic processes (McNabb and King, 1993). Alterations in thyroid function are known to affect mammalian reproduction (Leathem, 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Chemically-Induced Alterations in Thyroid and Vitamin a Status From Field Studies of Wildlife and Fish

Rolland

2000

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

169

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This paper reviews 22 published field studies that have found an association between exposure to environmental contaminants and alterations in thyroid gland structure, circulating thyroid hormones and vitamin A (retinoid) status in free-ranging populations of wildlife and fish. Vitamin A and thyroid hormones play critical roles during development, growth and function throughout life. Studies of captive wildlife and laboratory studies support a relationship between alterations in thyroid hormones and vitamin A status and exposure to dioxins, furans, and planar polychlorinated biphenyls, which bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Some studies have found adverse health effects in wildlife associated with exposure to polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons and altered thyroid and retinoid status including: decreased reproductive success, immune system changes, dermatologic abnormalities and developmental deformities. A direct causal relationship between these effects and thyroid and retinoid changes has not been demonstrated. Field researchers studying the responses to these synthetic chemicals in wildlife and fish should include measurement of thyroid hormones and retinoids and histological examination of the thyroid gland in their study design as biomarkers of exposure to these chemicals in the environment.

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“…During early development, thyroid hormones are of maternal origin. In eutherian mammals, they are provided by placental transfer (45), and in the case of egg-laying vertebrates, they are deposited in the egg yolk (20). Later in development, embryos synthesize and release thyroid hormones from their own developed thyroid gland.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones, and iodothyronine deiodinases in embryonic saltwater crocodiles

Shepherdley

Daniels

Orgeig

et al. 2002

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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. Glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones, and iodothyronine deiodinases in embryonic saltwater crocodiles. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 283: R1155-R1163, 2002. First published June 20, 2002 10.1152/ajpregu.00015.2002We investigated the relationship between glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones, and outer ring and inner ring deiodinases (ORD and IRD) during embryonic development in the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus). We treated the embryos with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex), 3,3Ј,5-triiodothyronine (T3), and a combination of these two hormones (Dex ϩ T3). The effects of these treatments were specific in different tissues and at different stages of development and also brought about changes in plasma concentrations of free thyroid hormones and corticosterone. Administration of Dex to crocodile eggs resulted in a decrease in 3,3Ј,5,5Ј-tetraiodothyronine (T4) ORD activities in liver and kidney microsomes, and a decrease in the high-K m rT3 ORD activity in kidney microsomes, on day 60 of incubation. Dex treatment increased the T 4 ORD activity in liver microsomes, but not kidney microsomes, on day 75 of incubation. Dex administration decreased T 3 IRD activity in liver microsomes. However, this decrease did not change plasma-free T 3 concentrations, which suggests that free thyroid hormone levels are likely to be tightly regulated during development.

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Thyroid Hormone Effects on Growth, Development, and Metabolism

Cited by 62 publications

References 104 publications

Effects of glycine and glutamic acid supplementation to low protein diets on performance, thyroid function and fat deposition in chickens

Effects of glycine and glutamic acid supplementation to low protein diets on performance, thyroid function and fat deposition in chickens

A Review of Chemically-Induced Alterations in Thyroid and Vitamin a Status From Field Studies of Wildlife and Fish

Glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones, and iodothyronine deiodinases in embryonic saltwater crocodiles

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