Thyroid Hormone-Disrupting Potentials of Major Benzophenones in Two Cell Lines (GH3 and FRTL-5) and Embryo-Larval Zebrafish

Abstract

Benzophenones (BPs) have been widely used in personal care products (PCPs) such as UV protectants. Sex endocrine-disrupting effects have been documented for some BPs, but, significant knowledge gaps are present for their thyroid-disrupting effects. To investigate the thyroid-disrupting potential of BPs, a rat pituitary (GH3) and thyroid follicle (FRTL-5) cell line were employed on six BPs, i.e., benzophenone (BP), benzophenone-1 (BP-1), benzophenone-2 (BP-2), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), benzophenone-4 (BP-4), and b…