Thyroid Hormone-dependent Gene Expression Program for Xenopus Neural Development

Denver, Robert J.; Pavgi, Sushama; Shi, Yun‐Bo

doi:10.1074/jbc.272.13.8179

Cited by 126 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis is characterized by a non-functional thyroid gland in embryos, which is converted into a functional (thyroid hormonesecreting) organ during larval development -a classical T3-dependent differentiation model (Shi et al 1996, Berry et al 1998. Among the differentially T3-regulated genes during metamorphosis, Shi and co-workers described a biphasic expression pattern for the neural-specific tubulin subunit in Xenopus (Denver et al 1997) and, noteworthy, we identified a highly similar biphasic expression pattern for an -tubulin isoform in rat liver (cluster 6, Table 1, No. 59).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic gene expression patterns in thyroid hormone-treated hypothyroid rats

Weitzel

Hamann²,

Jauk³

et al. 2003

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Thyroid hormone (T3) is essential for normal development, differentiation and metabolic balance. We have performed DNA microarray experiments using hepatic RNA from hypothyroid and T3-treated hypothyroid rats in order to characterize T3-induced gene expression patterns after various time points (6, 24 and 48 h after the administration of the hormone). Sixty-two of 4608 different genes displayed a reproducible T3-response, and cluster analysis divided these differentially regulated genes into six expression patterns. Thirty-six genes were not significantly regulated within the first 24 h. Transient transfection experiments of eight late-induced gene promoters failed to detect a thyroid hormone response element within their regulatory elements, suggesting an indirect activation mechanism(s). In search for an intermediate factor of T3 action, we examined whether various rather ubiquitous transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and coactivators of the PPAR coactivator 1 family (PGC-1) are regulated by T3. Only PPAR and PERC/PGC-1 exhibit a significant T3-response within the first 6 h after treatment, identifying these factors as candidate components for mediating the late-induced expression pattern. Regulation of early-induced genes within the first 6 h after administration of T3 on transcript levels correlates with altered protein levels after 24 and 48 h in vivo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic gene expression patterns in thyroid hormone-treated hypothyroid rats

Weitzel

Hamann²,

Jauk³

et al. 2003

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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“…Thus, direct TH action on neuronal differentiation genes may be responsible for at least some of the known effects of TH on amphibian neuronal development such as its promotion of cytodifferentiation in the lateral motor column (Beaudoin, 1956;Race, 1961;Reynolds, 1963;Hughes, 1966;Decker, 1976) and other parts of the nervous system (reviewed in Kollros, 1981;Denver, 1998). However, it is currently unknown, which THresponsive genes are instrumental in mediating these effects in amphibians, even though several neuronspecific TH-responsive genes (Denver et al, 1997;Denver, 1998) Tsai and O'Malley, 1994;Shi et al, 1996Shi et al, , 1998Tata, 1996;Zhang and Lazar, 2000;Wu and Koenig, 2000). Effective DNA binding requires dimerization with other nuclear receptors, preferrably retinoid X receptors (RXR; reviewed in Zhang and Pfahl, 1993;Shi et al, 1996Shi et al, , 1998Tata, 1996;Zhang and Lazar, 2000;Wu and Koenig, 2000).…”

Section: Thyroid Hormones Promote Neurogenesis In the Spinal Cordmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Thyroid hormones (TH) in amphibians are known to be sufficient and in some cases necessary for promoting proliferation of neuronal precursors (Tusques, 1949;Baffoni, 1957;Reynolds, 1966;Kaltenbach and Hobbs, 1972;Pollack and Towbin, 1975;Beach and Jacobson, 1979;Kollros, 1981;Goldberg and Pollack, 1989;Clorfene and Pollack, 1994;Marsh-Armstrong et al, 1999;Schreiber et al, 2001) and neuronal differentiation (Beaudoin, 1956;Race, 1961;Reynolds, 1963;Hughes, 1966;Decker, 1976;Kollros, 1981;Hauser and Gona, 1984;Kollros and Bovbjerg, 1990;Denver et al, 1997;Denver, 1998;Marsh-Armstrong et al, 1999). As these effects of THs are thought to be mediated by TH recep- Nieuwkoop and Faber, 1967).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid hormone promotes neurogenesis in the Xenopus spinal cord

Schlosser

Koyano-Nakagawa

Kintner

2002

Developmental Dynamics

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Three phases of neurogenesis can be recognized during Xenopus spinal cord development. An early peak during gastrulation/ neurulation is followed by a phase of low level neurogenesis throughout the remaining embryonic stages and a later peak at early larval stages. We show here that several genes known to be essential for early neurogenesis (X-NGNR-1, XNeuroD, XMyT1, X-Delta-1) are also expressed during later phases of neurogenesis in the spinal cord, suggesting that they are involved in regulating spinal neurogenesis at later stages. However, additional neuronal determination genes may be important during larval stages, because X-NGNR-1 shows only scant expression in the spinal cord during larval stages. Thyroid hormone treatment of early larvae promotes neurogenesis in the spinal cord, where thyroid hormone receptor xTR␣ is expressed from early larval stages onward and results in precocious up-regulation of XNeuroD, XMyT1, and N-Tubulin expression. Similarly, thyroid hormone treatments of Xenopus embryos, which were coinjected with xTR␣ and the retinoid X receptor xRXR␣, repeatedly resulted in increased numbers of neurons, whereas unliganded receptors repressed neurogenesis. Our findings show that thyroid hormones are sufficient to up-regulate neurogenesis in the Xenopus spinal cord.

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“…Brain tissue from stage 55 tadpoles sampled on study day 8 was used for these analyses to prevent possible confounding effects of stage-dependent differences in gene expression. In brain of PER-and ETU-treated tadpoles, significantly lower mRNA expression was detected for A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 7 several genes known to be up-regulated by TH (Das et al, 2006;Denver et al, 1997) including thrb (thyroid hormone receptor ), bteb1-A (basic transcription element-binding protein 1), pcna, mcm2, and kif2C (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Treatment With Per and Etu Alters Gene Expression In Tadpolementioning

confidence: 99%

Perchlorate and ethylenethiourea induce different histological and molecular alterations in a non-mammalian vertebrate model of thyroid goitrogenesis

Opitz

Schmidt

Braunbeck

et al. 2009

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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Despite evidence for a conserved role of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in regulating vertebrate thyroid function, molecular data on thyroid responses to TSH are mainly limited to mammalian species. In this study, we examined histological and molecular changes in the thyroid of Xenopus laevis tadpoles during a 12-day treatment with 20 mg/l perchlorate (PER) and 50 mg/l ethylenethiourea (ETU). Inhibition of thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis by PER and ETU was evident from developmental retardation, reduced expression of TH-regulated genes and up-regulation of tshb-A mRNA. Thyroid histopathology revealed goiters with strikingly different follicular morphologies following PER and ETU treatment. Using real-time PCR, we analyzed thyroids sampled on day 12 for differential expression of 60 candidate genes. Further temporal analyses were performed for a subset of 14 genes. Relative to the control, PER and ETU treatment modulated the expression of 51 and 49 transcripts, respectively. Particularly genes related to TH synthesis and protein metabolism were similarly affected by PER and ETU.However, several genes were differentially expressed in PER-and ETU-treated tadpoles.Specifically, goiter formation in the PER treatment was associated with low expression of genes related to DNA replication but high expression of negative growth regulators. Results from this work provide for the first time a characterization of gene expression profiles during goitrogenesis in a non-mammalian vertebrate model. Overall, our data suggest that, in addition to TSH over-stimulation, further mechanisms related to the mode of goitrogen action contribute to the regulation of thyroid gene expression.

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Thyroid Hormone-dependent Gene Expression Program for Xenopus Neural Development

Cited by 126 publications

References 77 publications

Hepatic gene expression patterns in thyroid hormone-treated hypothyroid rats

Hepatic gene expression patterns in thyroid hormone-treated hypothyroid rats

Thyroid hormone promotes neurogenesis in the Xenopus spinal cord

Perchlorate and ethylenethiourea induce different histological and molecular alterations in a non-mammalian vertebrate model of thyroid goitrogenesis

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