Thyroid Hormone Activation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Is Negatively Regulated by Glucocorticoid

Toyoda, Nagaoki; Yasuzawa-Amano, Saori; Nomura, Eisaku; Nishimura, Kumiko; Ukita, Chizuko; Morimoto, Satoshi; Kosaki, Atsushi; Iwasaka, Toshiji; Harney, John W.; Larsen, P. Reed; Nishikawa, Mitsushige

doi:10.1089/thy.2009.0044

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Thyroid hormones has a known role in BAT, specially triiodothyronine (T3) which acts promoting thermogenesis and its local activity is mediated by type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (Dio2) that converts intracellular thyroxine (T4) to T3 [50]. Studies show that hypercorticosteronemia appears to negatively regulate Dio2 activity in peripheral tissues, including BAT [51,52]. Thus, the hypercorticosteronemia observed in SL rats may lead to a reduction in Dio2 and T3, contributing to IBAT hypoactivity…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Overfeed-Induced Obesity Leads to Brown Adipose Tissue Hypoactivity in Rats

Almeida

Fabricio

Trombini

et al. 2013

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: Brown adipose tissue activation has been considered a potential anti-obesity mechanism because it is able to expend energy through thermogenesis. In contrast, white adipose tissue stores energy, contributing to obesity. We investigated whether the early programming of obesity by overfeeding during lactation changes structure of interscapular brown adipose tissue in adulthood and its effects on thermogenesis. Methods: Birth of litters was considered day 0. On day 2, litter size was adjusted to normal (9 pups) and small (3 pups) litters. On day 21, the litters were weaned. A temperature transponder was implanted underneath interscapular brown adipose tissue pads of 81-day-old animals; local temperature was measured during light and dark periods between days 87 and 90. The animals were euthanized, and tissue and blood samples were collected for further analysis. The vagus and retroperitoneal sympathetic nerve activity was recorded. Results: Small litter rats presented significant lower interscapular brown adipose tissue temperature during the light (NL 37.6°C vs. SL 37.2°C) and dark (NL 38°C vs. SL 37.6°C) periods compared to controls. Morphology of small litter brown adipose tissue showed fewer lipid droplets in the tissue center and more and larger in the periphery. The activity of vagus nerve was 19,9% greater in the small litter than in control (p<0.01), and no difference was observed in the sympathetic nerve activity. In adulthood, the small litter rats were 11,7% heavier than the controls and presented higher glycemia 13,1%, insulinemia 70% and corticosteronemia 92,6%. Conclusion: Early overfeeding programming of obesity changes the interscapular brown adipose tissue structure in adulthood, leading to local thermogenesis hypoactivity, which may contribute to obesity in adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Overfeed-Induced Obesity Leads to Brown Adipose Tissue Hypoactivity in Rats

Almeida

Fabricio

Trombini

et al. 2013

Cell Physiol Biochem

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“…Presence of iodothyronine deiodinase enzymes in SMCs of the aorta in rats (Toyoda et al 2009) and the expression of TH receptors in coronary ECs of mice (Makino et al 2009) and bovine aorta (Hu et al 1994) suggests that during adulthood, arteries are a target for THs. They bind to integrin αvβ3 in the plasma membrane of the ECs (Bergh et al 2005) and activate the mitogen-activated protein kinases cascade, increasing angiogenesis (Davis et al 2004) and proliferation of ECs via the fibroblast growth factor (Al Husseini et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemodynamic properties and arterial structure in male rat offspring with fetal hypothyroidism

Ghanbari

Bagheripuor²,

Piryaei³

et al. 2016

gpb

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Abstract. Thyroid hormones (THs) play a crucial role in the development of different systems during fetal life; fetal hypothyroidism (FH) is associated with reduced cardiac function and dimensions in neonates. The aim of this study is to determine whether TH deficiency during fetal life is associated with arterial structural and hemodynamic changes during adulthood. Hypothyroidism was induced by adding 0.025% 6-propyl-2-thiouracil in drinking water throughout pregnancy, while controls consumed only tap water. Hemodynamic parameters, cross-sectional area, intima-media thickness (IMT), and density of nuclei of smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells (ECs) in the aorta and mesenteric arteries were measured. Compared to controls, in the FH group, baseline systolic blood pressure (105.7 ± 3.1 vs. 87.9 ± 3.3 mm Hg, p < 0.01), diastolic blood pressure (64.4 ± 1.7 vs. 53.2 ± 2.1 mm Hg, p < 0.05), and mean arterial pressure (80.9 ± 2.1 vs. 67.1 ± 2.1 mm Hg, p < 0.01) were significantly lower. In addition, in the FH group, intensity and latency of response to phenylephrine were significantly lower and longer, respectively, as were the IMT and density of ECs in the aorta and superior mesenteric arteries. In conclusion, this study showed that TH deficiency during fetal life can have long-lasting functional and histological effects, which can compromise cardiovascular function during adulthood.

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“…Serum concentrations of T 3 were measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay kit (Roche Molecular Biochemical, Indianapolis, IN, USA). This methodology has been frequently used in the assessment of total serum levels of T 3 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac microvascular rarefaction in hyperthyroid rats is reversed by losartan, diltiazem, and propranolol

Freitas

Estato

Lessa

et al. 2014

Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma

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Cardiac microvascular rarefaction appears to be involved in hyperthyroidism-induced left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction. We investigated the effects of losartan, an AT1 receptor antagonist; diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker; and propranolol, a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist, on cardiac function and structural microcirculatory cardiac alterations in an experimental model of l-thyroxin-induced hyperthyroidism in rats. Hyperthyroidism (HYPER) was induced by intraperitoneal injections of l-thyroxin for 35 days (600 μg/kg/day; n = 32). The euthyroid group was treated with distilled water (EUT + VEH; n = 8). On the 14th day, the HYPER group was divided into four groups that received an oral treatment for 21 days with saline (HYPER + VEH; n = 8), losartan (10 mg/kg/day; HYPER + LOS, n = 8), diltiazem (10 mg/kg/day; HYPER + DILT, n = 8), or propranolol (10 mg/kg/day; HYPER + PROP, n = 8). An echocardiographic study was performed at baseline, at the beginning and at the end of the pharmacological treatment protocol (35th day). The structural capillary density in the left ventricle (LV) was analyzed using histochemical analysis with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Griffonia simplicifolia lectin. HYPER + VEH (182 ± 5 mmHg; P < 0.001) presented higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared with EUT + VEH (132 ± 3 mmHg). HYPER + LOS (144 ± 2 mmHg), HYPER + DILT (147 ± 3 mmHg) and HYPER + PROP (153 ± 4 mmHg) presented lower SBP compared with HYPER + VEH (P < 0.001). Chronic treatment with losartan, diltiazem, and propranolol reversed cardiac structural microvascular rarefaction (HYPER + VEH 0.16 ± 0.01; EUT + VEH 0.35 ± 0.02; HYPER + LOS 0.46 ± 0.03; HYPER + DILT 0.49 ± 0.02; HYPER + PROP 0.58 ± 0.04 (Vv[cap]/Vv[fib]); P < 0.001) and enhanced the LV ejection fraction of hyperthyroid rats (HYPER + VEH 71 ± 3; EUT + VEH 85 ± 2; HYPER + LOS 90 ± 3; HYPER + DILT 85 ± 3; HYPER + PROP 86 ± 2%; P < 0.05). In conclusion, chronic treatment with losartan, diltiazem, and propranolol improved the cardiac microcirculation and function in an experimental model of hyperthyroidism in rats.

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Thyroid Hormone Activation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Is Negatively Regulated by Glucocorticoid

Cited by 14 publications

References 46 publications

Early Overfeed-Induced Obesity Leads to Brown Adipose Tissue Hypoactivity in Rats

Early Overfeed-Induced Obesity Leads to Brown Adipose Tissue Hypoactivity in Rats

Hemodynamic properties and arterial structure in male rat offspring with fetal hypothyroidism

Cardiac microvascular rarefaction in hyperthyroid rats is reversed by losartan, diltiazem, and propranolol

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