Thyroid hemiagenesis with primary hyperparathyroidism or papillary thyroid carcinoma: A report of two cases and literature review

Abstract

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Parathyroid Carcinoma in a Patient With Secondary Hyperparathyroidism and Thyroid Hemiagenesis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

“…Alqahtani et al previously reported 13 cases of thyroid hemiagenesis in association with primary hyperparathyroidism in the English language literature. 11 This case is 14th case of thyroid hemiagenesis in association with hyperparathyroidism. Previous patients had primary hyperparathyroidism.…”

“…Thyroid hemiagenesis is an extremely rare developmental disorder of the thyroid, 10 but it may become apparent during surveillance for thyroid diseases such as thyroid tumor, carcinoma, or Graves' disease. [9][10][11] Thyroid hemiagenesis is caused by one side of the thyroid not developing embryologically, rather than a failure of glandular tissue descent or migration, as seen in ectopic thyroid. 7,30 Regarding laterality, past reports have shown many cases of thyroid hemiagenesis are on the left side.…”

“…[5][6][7] Thyroid hemiagenesis is a rare congenital anomaly that could be revealed a thorough examination for thyroid disease. 8 There have been several reports of thyroid hemiagenesis with conditions such as thyroid tumor, 9 Graves' disease, 10 and primary hyperparathyroidism, 11 but there have been no reports of SHPT and PC. We report an extremely rare case of PC in a patient with SHPT and thyroid hemiagenesis as well as a review of the literature.…”

Thyroid Scintigraphy of a Rare Case of Left Thyroid Lobe Hemiagenesis With Subacute Thyroiditis

“…Many times, patients are euthyroid and hemiagenesis of a thyroid lobe found incidentally. However, patients with thyroid hemiagenesis have higher incidence of coexisting thyroid disorders in the remaining lobe including Graves disease, 4 Hashimoto thyroiditis, 5 multinodular goiter, 1 subacute thyroiditis, 6 papillary or medullary thyroid carcinoma, 7,8 and primary hyperthyroidism. 8 The patient in this case presented with low thyroid-stimulating hormone, normal T3 and T4 levels, and low uptake in the remaining right thyroid lobe, suggesting subacute thyroiditis.…”

“…However, patients with thyroid hemiagenesis have higher incidence of coexisting thyroid disorders in the remaining lobe including Graves disease, 4 Hashimoto thyroiditis, 5 multinodular goiter, 1 subacute thyroiditis, 6 papillary or medullary thyroid carcinoma, 7,8 and primary hyperthyroidism. 8 The patient in this case presented with low thyroid-stimulating hormone, normal T3 and T4 levels, and low uptake in the remaining right thyroid lobe, suggesting subacute thyroiditis. The plan is to follow up her thyroid function tests in 6 to 8 weeks to assess for chronic thyroiditis if her thyroid function does not return to normal.…”