Sera from inbred rabbit strains have been studied to determine radio\x=req-\ thyroxine distribution after electrophoresis, to measure protein binding capacity for thyroxine (T4) and to examine possible interrelationships of binding capacity and serum protein-bound iodine (PBI). In electrophoretic studies at pH 7\m=.\4, serum albumin and prealbumin, the latter a previously unrecognized carrier of T4 in the rabbit, are the principal transport proteins. At pH 9\m=.\0,prealbumin is the major carrier (61 % of tracer). Prealbumin also binds significant quantities of tri-iodothyronine. The mean binding capacity of serum prealbumin for T4 in 12 rabbit strains was 500 \g=m\g/100 ml.Protein-bound iodine levels are known to be strain-dependent in the rabbit. In the current studies, however, there was no strain-specificity of prealbumin binding capacity, and no correlation between PBI and binding capacity of prealbumin, the principal T4-specific transport protein. These observations suggest that factors other than the capacity of binding proteins for T4 may be primary determinants of hormone levels (PBI) in blood in the rabbit.