Thyroid function of subjects with goitre and cretinism in an endemic goitre area of rural China after use of iodized salt

Pang, Xuan-Ping; An, Onunu; Su, Tianhong; Hershman, J. M.

doi:10.1016/0168-8510(90)90381-m

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“…When severe iodine deficiency occurs during pregnancy, it is associated with cretinism and increased neonatal and infant mortality. Iodine deficiency remains a major global threat to health and development, and is the most common cause of preventable mental impairment worldwide (6)(7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of iodization programmes on the epidemiology of nodular goitre

Fiore

Tonacchera

Vitti

2014

Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metab

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Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency can affect human health in different ways, and is commonly referred to as iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). These range from defective development of the central nervous system during the fetal-neonatal life, to goitre in the adult. Only a few countries were completely iodine sufficient before 1990. Since then, a major effort has been made to introduce salt iodization to ensure sufficient intake of iodine in deficient areas. Iodine prophylaxis has been shown to exert a pivotal role in abating goitre and other iodine-deficiency disorders, and has also been shown to modulate the pattern of thyroid diseases. An increased frequency of thyroid autoimmunity and of hypothyroidism has been observed after introducing iodization programmes. Nevertheless, available evidence clearly confirms that the benefits of correcting iodine deficiency, consisting mainly of reducing nodular goitre and non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism, far outweigh the risks of iodine supplementation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%