Thyroid Function and Oppositional Defiant Disorder: More Than a Coincidence in Prepubertal Boys With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?

Çakaloz, Burcu; Akay, Aynur Pekcanlar; Böber, Ece; Yuluğ, Burak

doi:10.1176/jnp.23.2.jnpe9

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These findings are consistent with those of Weiss et al who reported that hypothyroidism is more frequent than hyperthyroidism in ADHD children. A greater incidence of abnormal thyroid function was noted within ADHD children . Two previous studies have supported the relationship between lower free‐T4 and inattention, while two other studies indicated that free‐T4 was only related to delinquent behaviour .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In the past, studies have explored the relationship between thyroid function and ADHD, but the findings have varied . Weiss et al found that the prevalence of thyroid abnormalities is higher (5.4%) in children with ADHD than in the general population (<1%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Alvarez‐Pedrerol et al reported that high thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations are associated with a lower cognitive function, and high TSH and low free T4 are linked to ADHD symptoms in healthy preschoolers. Meanwhile, dysregulated thyroxine and TSH concentrations are also related to mood symptoms and the severity of children's behavioural symptoms …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, its pharmacotherapy and thyroid dysfunction: A nationwide population‐based study in Taiwan

Chen

Shyu

Tsai

et al. 2018

Clinical Endocrinology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, its pharmacotherapy and thyroid dysfunction: A nationwide population‐based study in Taiwan

Chen

Shyu

Tsai

et al. 2018

Clinical Endocrinology

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“…Other studies have reported slightly increased TSH levels in ADHD [1-4]. However, all previous studies had not been adjusted to weight status, although it is well known that overweight is related to both ADHD [11-13, 15] and increased thyroid hormones [16-18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been postulated to be related to the function of thyroid hormones since slightly increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels have been reported in ADHD in several studies [1-4]. However, other studies did not confirm this association [5-7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Hormone Status in Overweight Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

et al. 2018

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Background: There is an ongoing discussion whether thyroid hormones are involved in the development and course of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Since obesity is associated with both higher thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) concentrations and increased rates of ADHD, we hypothesized that overweight children with ADHD show higher TSH and fT3 concentrations compared to overweight children without ADHD. Methods: TSH, fT3, fT4, and leptin levels were analyzed in 230 children (60.9% boys, 9.3 ± 1.7 years old, 35.7% migration background). The children were divided into four groups (I = 26 overweight children with ADHD, II = 56 normal-weight children with ADHD, III = 66 overweight children without ADHD, and IV = 82 normal-weight children without ADHD). Severity of ADHD was determined by the parent version of the Connors 3® rating scales. Results: Overweight children with ADHD did not differ significantly from overweight children without ADHD with respect to TSH, fT3, or fT4 concentrations. Comparing the thyroid hormones between the four groups also demonstrated no significant differences for TSH and fT4 concentrations. fT3 concentrations were significantly higher in normal-weight children with ADHD compared to normal-weight children without ADHD. Inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity scores were not significantly related to TSH or fT3 in multiple regression analyses adjusted for age, gender, and migration background. In these analyses, TSH was associated with BMI SDS (β coefficient 0.19 ± 0.12, p = 0.002) and leptin (exp[β coefficient] 1.87 ± 1.36, p < 0.001). fT3 (β coefficient 0.06 ± 0.05, p = 0.009) and leptin (exp[β coefficient] 1.17 ± 1.13, p = 0.009) were also associated with BMI SDS. Conclusions: Our findings confirm the relation between overweight and thyroid hormones but point against the hypothesis that thyroid hormones might link overweight and ADHD in children.

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Thyroid and Cortisol hormones in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A case-control study

Kuppili

Pattanayak

Sagar

et al. 2017

Asian Journal of Psychiatry

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Thyroid Function and Oppositional Defiant Disorder: More Than a Coincidence in Prepubertal Boys With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Correlation between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, its pharmacotherapy and thyroid dysfunction: A nationwide population‐based study in Taiwan

Correlation between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, its pharmacotherapy and thyroid dysfunction: A nationwide population‐based study in Taiwan

Thyroid Hormone Status in Overweight Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Thyroid and Cortisol hormones in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A case-control study

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