Thyroid Diseases in Rodent Species

Thorson, Lindsay

doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2013.09.002

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The incidence of neoplasia, apart from skin tumours, appears to be low in guinea pigs (Greenacre 2004). The incidence of thyroid tumours is reported to be 4–30 per cent from all the tumours examined (Thorson 2014). In the present study, hyperthyroidism and hyperadrenocorticism were recorded in only a few cases; however, as most of the guinea pigs were not evaluated for blood thyroid hormone and corticosterone levels, these diseases may have been underdiagnosed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diseases in pet guinea pigs: a retrospective study in 1000 animals

et al. 2015

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Guinea pigs are commonly kept as pet animals; however, information about particular disease prevalence is lacking. The objective of this article was to present disease prevalence in 1000 pet guinea pigs from private owners divided into three age groups: under two years; between two and five years; and above five years. Medical records of guinea pigs () that were presented to the authors' clinic in the period from January 2008 to August 2013 were reviewed. The most commonly diagnosed disease in guinea pigs was dental disease (36.3 per cent), with higher prevalence in the middle age group (P<0.001) and in males (P<0.001) rather than females. Skin problems were seen as the second most common disease (33.3 per cent), with higher prevalence in male guinea pigs (P<0.001) and in animals younger than two years (P<0.001). Ovarian cystic disease was the third most commonly seen disorder, with higher prevalence in females older than two years (P<0.001). Other common health disorders included gastrointestinal stasis, heterotopic ciliary body calcifications, fatty eye and tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. Only 81 guinea pigs from a total of 1000 animals were healthy. This is the first study to describe the disease prevalence in three age groups of pet guinea pigs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diseases in pet guinea pigs: a retrospective study in 1000 animals

et al. 2015

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“…C2C12 mouse myoblast cells are widely used to study skeletal muscle metabolism in vitro (27). In our model system, myoblasts were differentiated for 6 days in the presence of physiological or supraphysiological T3 (10 nM) (28,29). Differentiation was confirmed by Western blot analysis of early (desmin) and late (MyHC) myogenic markers.…”

Section: Effects Of Supraphysiological T3 Exposure On C2c12 Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoothelin-Like Protein 1 Regulates Development and Metabolic Transformation of Skeletal Muscle in Hyperthyroidism

et al. 2021

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Hyperthyroidism triggers a glycolytic shift in skeletal muscle (SKM) by altering the expression of metabolic proteins, which is often accompanied by peripheral insulin resistance. Our previous results show that smoothelin-like protein 1 (SMTNL1), a transcriptional co-regulator, promotes insulin sensitivity in SKM. Our aim was to elucidate the role of SMTNL1 in SKM under physiological and pathological 3,3′,5-Triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) concentrations. Human hyper- and euthyroid SKM biopsies were used for microarray analysis and proteome profiler arrays. Expression of genes related to energy production, nucleic acid- and lipid metabolism was changed significantly in hyperthyroid samples. The phosphorylation levels and activity of AMPKα2 and JNK were increased by 15% and 23%, respectively, in the hyperthyroid samples compared to control. Moreover, SMTNL1 expression showed a 6-fold decrease in the hyperthyroid samples and in T3-treated C2C12 cells. Physiological and supraphysiological concentrations of T3 were applied on differentiated C2C12 cells upon SMTNL1 overexpression to assess the activity and expression level of the elements of thyroid hormone signaling, insulin signaling and glucose metabolism. Our results demonstrate that SMTNL1 selectively regulated TRα expression. Overexpression of SMTNL1 induced insulin sensitivity through the inhibition of JNK activity by 40% and hampered the non-genomic effects of T3 by decreasing the activity of ERK1/2 through PKCδ. SMTNL1 overexpression reduced IRS1 Ser307 and Ser612 phosphorylation by 52% and 53%, respectively, in hyperthyroid model to restore the normal responsiveness of glucose transport to insulin. SMTNL1 regulated glucose phosphorylation and balances glycolysis and glycogen synthesis via the downregulation of hexokinase II by 1.3-fold. Additionally, mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis were measured by SeaHorse analysis to determine cellular metabolic function/phenotype of our model system in real-time. T3 overload strongly increased the rate of acidification and a shift to glycolysis, while SMTNL1 overexpression antagonizes the T3 effects. These lines of evidence suggest that SMTNL1 potentially prevents hyperthyroidism-induced changes in SKM, and it holds great promise as a novel therapeutic target in insulin resistance.

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“…Observations such as the mouse's lumps, masses, body condition, behaviour, and strength will be noted on a daily basis [20]. We will also monitor for the development of hypothyroidism with bi-weekly blood tests to determine levels of T4 [21]. The number of lumps and masses, as well as their size, will be noted every day for each mouse.…”

Section: Figure 1: Mouse Cage Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Inhalation of Fenvalerate Combustion Products on the Respiratory, Digestive, Endocrine, and Muscular Systems of Mice: A Research Protocol

et al. 2020

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Currently, very little scientific literature investigates the adverse health effects of pesticides found in cannabis. With the legalization of cannabis, regulation of pesticide usage must also be modified since these crops are not merely ingested, they are also smoked, creating new chemical compounds that are potentially harmful to the human body. That being said, research shows that the combustion of federally approved pesticides, such as fenvalerate, produces chemicals that are harmful when ingested, most notably hydrogen cyanide. This study will investigate the potential effects of the combustion products of fenvalerate when they are inhaled. By studying mice, we will investigate the potential effects of these products on their respiratory, digestive and muscular systems, as well as the potential effects on consumer health faced with long-term exposure to combustion by-products. Doing so will also enable the construction of a framework for determining adequate pesticides for industrial production of cannabis.

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Thyroid Diseases in Rodent Species

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Diseases in pet guinea pigs: a retrospective study in 1000 animals

Diseases in pet guinea pigs: a retrospective study in 1000 animals

Smoothelin-Like Protein 1 Regulates Development and Metabolic Transformation of Skeletal Muscle in Hyperthyroidism

Effects of the Inhalation of Fenvalerate Combustion Products on the Respiratory, Digestive, Endocrine, and Muscular Systems of Mice: A Research Protocol

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