Thyroid carcinoma—Biologic behavior and mortality:Postmortem findings in 42 cases, including 27 in which the disease was fatal

Ibañez, Michael L.; Russell, William O.; Albores‐Saavedra, Jorge; Lampertico, Pietro; White, Edgar C.; Clark, R. Lee

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(196608)19:8<1039::aid-cncr2820190802>3.0.co;2-1

Cited by 154 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Six cases of scalp metastasis from MTC were reported in the literature. [5,6,[30][31][32] In five cases scalp was the only cutaneous site of metastasis and in one case chest wall was also involved. Alwaheeb et al [6] reported 2 cases of MTC presenting initially with scalp nodules.…”

Section: Medullary Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalp metastases from thyroid carcinomas: review of clinical and pathological features

Arslan¹

2014

J Med Updates

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Thyroid carcinoma represents 1% to 1.5% of all cancer cases reported annualy and accounts for 57% of all deaths caused by endocrine malignancies. [1] Well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas including papillary and follicular carcinoma are the most common thyroid malignancies comprising approximately 70% and 10% respectively, of all cases. Scalp as a distinct cutaneous area has a rich dermal vasculature and is a site of various primary and metastatic neoplasms. Different visceral malignancies such as cancers of lung, breast, thyroid, colon, kidney, adrenal glands and larynx can metastasize to scalp. Metastases to scalp from thyroid carcinomas are extremely rare and demonstrate advanced disease and poor prognosis. Such lesions may indicate treatment failure or alternatively they may be the ÖzetBu derlemede literatürde skalp metastaz› yapt›¤› bildirilen tiroid karsinom vakalar› taranarak tan›sal, histopatolojik ve prognostik özellik-leri ile tart›fl›ld›. PubMed ve MedLine servislerinde yay›nlanan tüm tiroid karsinomlar›na ba¤l› skalp metastaz› vakalar› araflt›r›ld› ve hastalar›n yafl ve cinsiyetine, tiroid karsinomunun histolojik tipine, skalp d›fl›nda cilt alanlar›na metastazlar›na ve primer tümörün teflhisiyle metastaz teflhisi aras›ndaki süreye iliflkin verilere ulaflmak için hasta bilgileri incelendi. Literatürde günümüze kadar bildirilen 38 vaka bulundu. Bildirilen vakalarda en s›k görülen histolojik tip foliküler karsinom (%46) idi. Papiller karsinom, medüller karsinom ve anaplastik karsinom vakalar›n›n oranlar› ise s›ras›yla %35, %16 ve %3 olarak bulundu. Özel bir cilt alan› olan skalp zengin bir damar a¤›na ve kanlanmaya sahip olup çeflitli primer veya metastatik tümörlerin oda¤› olabilir. Tiroid karsinomlar›na ba¤l› skalp metastazlar› oldukça nadir olup ilerlemifl hastal›¤a ve kötü prognoza iflaret eder. Düflük metastatik potansiyele sahip gizli bir neoplazm›n ilk belirtisi olarak ç›kabilen bir skalp nodülünün teflhisi oldukça güç olabilir. Tiroid karsinomlar›-n›n histopatolojik özelliklerinin ve cilt metastaz› kal›plar›n›n bilinmesiyle bu gibi lezyonlar›n tan›s›na daha kolay ulafl›labilir.Anahtar sözcükler: Metastaz, skalp, tiroid karsinomu. AbstractThyroid carcinomas reported to metastasize to scalp were reviewed and discussed with histopathological, prognostic and diagnostic aspects. All cases of scalp metastasis from thyroid carcinomas published in PubMed and MedLine were reviewed and the data of all patients were analyzed to obtain information about the patient demographics, histologic type of thyroid carcinoma, additional cutaneous sites, time interval between the diagnosis of the primary tumor and the diagnosis of scalp metastasis. The literature review revealed 38 cases of scalp metastasis from thyroid carcinoma. The most common histologic type was follicular carcinoma (46%), followed by papillary (35%), medullary (16%) and anaplastic carcinomas (3%). Scalp as a distinct cutaneous area has a rich dermal vasculature and is a site of various primary and metastatic neoplasms. Metastases to scalp from ...

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Section: Medullary Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalp metastases from thyroid carcinomas: review of clinical and pathological features

Arslan¹

2014

J Med Updates

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“…There is good evidence that undifferentiated carcinoma arises from papillary or follicular carcinoma (Table 1) [60,61], the latter being expected to be a more frequent precursor before iodine prophylaxis [60]. Molecular studies suggest progression from papillary cancer to a subset of undifferentiated carcinomas particularly through BRAF rather than RET mutation [62], while progression from follicular carcinoma to anaplastic carcinoma through RAS point mutation is a matter of debate [63,64].…”

Section: Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Cancer, Thyroiditis and Dietary Iodine: A Review Based on the Salta, Argentina Model

Harach

Ceballos

2008

Endocr Pathol

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Factors that should be considered when studying the effect of dietary iodine in the development of thyroid cancer include pathological criteria, diagnostic techniques, screening programs, radioactive fallout, and standard of medical care in the studied population. In most surveys, papillary carcinoma forms the largest group of thyroid malignancies, both before and after iodine prophylaxis where an increase in the papillary:follicular carcinoma ratio is also noted. Undifferentiated carcinomas decrease after salt prophylaxis. In Salta, Argentina, the increasing incidence of clinically significant papillary thyroid cancer and the decrease of undifferentiated carcinoma after iodine prophylaxis are probably due to better access to health centers and consequent earlier detection of differentiated precursor tumors. Autoimmune focal and diffuse or Hashimoto's thyroiditis are linked to dietary iodine. Pathological studies made in different regions indicate that these types of thyroiditis occur more frequently in areas of iodine sufficiency than in areas of iodine deficiency, and increase after iodine prophylaxis both in non-goitrous and iodine-deficient areas like Salta, Argentina. An increase of lymphocytic thyroiditis could be linked to an increased incidence of primary thyroid lymphoma, and thyroiditis is more commonly associated with papillary carcinoma than with other types of thyroid follicular or C-cell derived carcinomas regardless of iodine intake.

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“…Some authors have suggested that all ATC contain foci of WDTC and that the inability to detect these foci is due to inadequate sectioning of the specimen. [59][60][61] Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common type of thyroid cancer associated with ATC; biologically aggressive variants such as tall cell are more common. 62 Foci of PDTC are also common in ATC.…”

Section: Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Poorly Differentiated and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

2006

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Background: Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and anaplastic (undifferentiated) thyroid carcinoma (ATC) comprise a small subset of thyroid tumors that are associated with a poor prognosis and account for Shaha, MD, FACS, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021. E-mail: shahaa@mskcc.org No significant relationship exists between the authors and the companies/organizations whose products or services may be referenced in this article. Abbreviations used in this paper: PDTC = poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma, WDTC = well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma, ATC = anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, ITC = insular thyroid carcinoma, FNAB = fine-needle aspiration biopsy, TG = thyroglobulin, RAI = radioactive iodine, EBRT = external-beam radiation therapy.

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Thyroid carcinoma—Biologic behavior and mortality:Postmortem findings in 42 cases, including 27 in which the disease was fatal

Cited by 154 publications

References 13 publications

Scalp metastases from thyroid carcinomas: review of clinical and pathological features

Scalp metastases from thyroid carcinomas: review of clinical and pathological features

Thyroid Cancer, Thyroiditis and Dietary Iodine: A Review Based on the Salta, Argentina Model

Poorly Differentiated and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

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