Thyroid cancers of follicular origin in a genomic light: in-depth overview of common and unique molecular marker candidates

Abstract

In recent years, thyroid malignances have become more prevalent, especially among women. The most common sporadic types of thyroid tumors of follicular origin include papillary, follicular and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Although modern diagnosis methods enable the identification of tumors of small diameter, tumor subtype differentiation, which is imperative for the correct choice of treatment, is still troublesome. This review discusses the recent advances in the field of molecular marker identification via next-generation sequencing and microarrays. The potential use of these biomarkers to distinguish among the most commonly occurring sporadic thyroid cancers is presented and compared. Geographical heterogeneity might be a differentiator, although not necessarily a limiting factor, in biomarker selection. The available data advocate for a subset of mutations common for the three subtypes as well as mutations that are unique for a particular tumor subtype. Tumor heterogeneity, a known issue occurring within solid malignancies, is also discussed where applicable. Public databases with datasets derived from high-throughput experiments are a valuable source of information that aid biomarker research in general, including the identification of molecular hallmarks of thyroid cancer.

Next generation sequencing based detection of 15 target genes mutations in papillary thyroid carcinoma

“…7,10,19,20 PTC samples were dominated by BRAF V600E mutations which were consistent with the previous studies showed the BRAF V600E mutation rate was 29% to 90%. 4,16,[20][21][22] Ke et al, showed the mutation types were point mutations, indel (insert and deletion) mutations and gene fusions in PTC. 20 However, only point mutations and gene fusions were detected in current study.…”

Молекулярно-Генетичні Механізми Патогенезу Злоякісних Пухлин Щитоподібної Залози (Огляд Літератури Та Власні Дані, Частина 1)

“…У дітей трапляється зрідка -до 5% випадків [32]. FTC є агресивнішим за РТС типом раку ЩЗ і характеризується 95% 5-річним виживанням [33]. Для цього типу раку характерною є дерегуляція понад 400 генів.…”

Молекулярно-Генетичні Механізми Патогенезу Злоякісних Пухлин Щитоподібної Залози (Частина 2)

“…Становить близько 1-5% від усіх злоякісних новоутворень ЩЗ, натомість є причиною понад 50% смертей від усіх видів раку ЩЗ. Прогноз захворювання є вкрай несприятливим [9]. Медіа на виживання становить 4 місяці (цей показник не поліпшується впродовж останніх 50 років) унаслідок неконтрольованого системного метастазування [10].…”