Thyroid cancer incidence trend and association with obesity, physical activity in the United States

Chen, Biaoyou; Xie, Zhaomin; Duan, Xiaoqun

doi:10.1186/s12889-022-13727-3

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Recently, no effect on thyroid function was observed following a three-week isocaloric ketogenic diet ( 191 ). An effect of physical exercise on thyroid cancer risk has been also suggested ( 190 , 192 , 193 ), however, in all studies the clinically meaningful effect was modest.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Polycystic ovary syndrome and thyroid disorder: a comprehensive narrative review of the literature

Palomba,

Colombo,

Busnelli

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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BackgroundPublished data on the relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and thyroid dysfunction are sparse and confusing.ObjectiveTo comprehensively review data available in the literature regarding the relationship between PCOS and the thyroid function, and its abnormalities.MethodsNine main areas of interest were identified and analyzed according to the available evidence: 1) Evaluation of thyroid function for PCOS diagnosis; 2) Epidemiology data on thyroid function/disorders in patients with PCOS, and vice versa; 3) Experimental data supporting the relationship between thyroid function/disorders and PCOS; 4) Effects of thyroid function/disorders on PCOS features, and vice versa; 5) Effect of thyroid alterations on the cardiometabolic risk in women with PCOS; 6) Effect of thyroid abnormalities on reproductive outcomes in women with PCOS; 7) Relationship between thyroid function/abnormalities in patients with PCOS who are undergoing fertility treatment; 8) Effect of treatments for thyroid diseases on PCOS; and 9) Effect of treatments for PCOS on thyroid function. An extensive literature search for specific keywords was performed for articles published from 1970 to March 2023 using PubMed and Web of Science. Data were reported in a narrative fashion.ResultsPCOS is a diagnosis of exclusion for which diagnosis is possible only after excluding disorders that mimic the PCOS phenotype, including thyroid dysfunctions. However, the tests and the cutoff values used for this are not specified. Many experimental and clinical data suggest a relationship between perturbations of the thyroid function and PCOS. Direct and unequivocal evidence on the effects of thyroid function/disorders on PCOS features are lacking. High thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and subclinical hypothyroidism may be associated with significant worsening of several intermediate endpoints of cardiometabolic risk in women with PCOS. Thyroid abnormalities may worsen reproductive outcomes, especially in patients undergoing fertility treatment. To date, there are no data demonstrating the efficacy of thyroid medications on fertility and cardiometabolic risk in women with PCOS. Lifestyle modification changes, metformin, and vitamin D seem to improve thyroid function in the general population.ConclusionPCOS and thyroid disorders are closely related, and their coexistence may identify patients with a higher reproductive and metabolic risk. Regular screening for thyroid function and thyroid-specific autoantibodies in women with PCOS, particularly before and during pregnancy, is highly recommended.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Polycystic ovary syndrome and thyroid disorder: a comprehensive narrative review of the literature

Palomba,

Colombo,

Busnelli

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…A history of radiation, family history of TC, chemicals, lifestyle habits (such as smoking and physical inactivity), and comorbidities (such as diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, obesity, iodine deficiency, and metabolic syndrome) are risk factors for TC [5][6][7], with obesity being the second most common avoidable and modifiable risk factor after smoking [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gauging the Awareness of Physicians in Saudi Arabia Regarding Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer

Alqahtani,

Rayzah,

Shaik

et al. 2024

Cureus

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BackgroundThe prevalence of obesity and thyroid cancer (TC) is increasing worldwide, and obesity is a risk factor for TC. ObjectivesThis study aimed to elucidate physicians' awareness of obesity as a risk factor for TC. Materials and methodsA cross-sectional, self-report online questionnaire was distributed to physicians in all regions of Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire comprised sociodemographic data and questions concerning the risk factors for TC, including obesity. ResultsA total of 310 physicians participated in this study. Of the respondents, 35.8% ( n = 111) were aged 30-40 years, 40.6% (n = 126) were board certified, and 52.3% (n = 162) had >10 years of experience. Only 36.8% (n = 114) of respondents were familiar with the relationship between obesity and TC risk (P < 0.001). In terms of knowledge of obesity as a risk factor for TC, a significant difference was observed for the following sociodemographic characteristics: sex, educational attainment, and years of experience. A significant difference was also observed with awareness of other risk factors for TC. ConclusionsIn light of the limited awareness of the correlation between obesity and TC, the most effective approach to address these misconceptions would be to implement diverse and ongoing medical education initiatives.

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“…Environmental factors (including exposure to ionizing radiation, artificial chemicals, water pollution, and cold climates), comorbidities (including obesity, iodine deficiency, insulin resistance, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome), lifestyle factors (including physical inactivity and smoking), biological factors, and diet may increase the risk of TC [ 1 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weighty Matters: The Obesity–Thyroid Nodule Connection Unveiling the Impact of Obesity on Thyroid Cancer Risk

Alqahtani,

Altalhi,

Alalawi

et al. 2023

Medicina

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Background and Objectives: The effect of obesity on the development/progression of thyroid nodules with uncertain cytology is unknown. Therefore, our objective was to assess the role of body mass index (BMI) in predicting malignancy in patients with atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) nodules. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 113 patients with available BMI data and final histopathology of benign or differentiated thyroid cancer. Patients were classified into four groups based on BMI: <18.5 (underweight), 18.5–24.9 (normal weight), 25–29.9 (overweight), and ≥30 (obesity) kg/m2. The association between risk of malignancy and BMI was examined for all data and subgroups based on nodule size, sex, and age. Results: Overall, 44.2% were obese, 36.3% were ≥45 years, and 75.4% were women. Final pathological results showed malignant nodules in 52 patients (46%) and benign nodules in 61 patients (54%) (mean age: 41 ± 11.6 vs. 39.9 ± 11.7 years; p = 0.62). Men had more malignant nodules than benign nodules (32.7% vs. 16.4%, p < 0.05). Overall, no significant correlation was identified between the risk of thyroid cancer and BMI, and the risk of malignancy was not significantly different between obese men and women (p = 0.4). However, in individuals with BMI < 30 kg/m2 (non-obese group), malignant nodules were more frequent in men than in women (71% vs. 41%, p = 0.04). No significant difference was observed in mean nodule size between the benign and malignant groups. Furthermore, BMI was not related to increased risk of malignancy in multiple logistic regression models using all data, even after controlling for confounding variables (odds ratio, 0.99, 95% confidence interval: 0.93–1.06, p = 0.87) or when stratifying by sex. Conclusions: Our study showed no correlation between obesity and thyroid cancer in patients with AUS/FLUS. Moreover, men had more malignant nodules than benign nodules. Further well-designed prospective studies are required to confirm our findings.

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Thyroid cancer incidence trend and association with obesity, physical activity in the United States

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Polycystic ovary syndrome and thyroid disorder: a comprehensive narrative review of the literature

Polycystic ovary syndrome and thyroid disorder: a comprehensive narrative review of the literature

Gauging the Awareness of Physicians in Saudi Arabia Regarding Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer

Weighty Matters: The Obesity–Thyroid Nodule Connection Unveiling the Impact of Obesity on Thyroid Cancer Risk

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