Thyroid cancer incidence in the United Arab Emirates: a retrospective study on association with age and gender

Almansoori, Asma; Busch, Hauke; Bendardaf, Riyad; Hamoudi, Rifat

doi:10.12688/f1000research.76121.2

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Its incidence is also rising alarmingly quickly. There is an ongoing debate about whether or not the rapid increase in PTC prevalence may be attributed to overdiagnosis driven by recent advances in medical technology and improved access to healthcare facilities or whether there is a true rise in cancer incidence due to external factors [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. However, 20% and 10% of differentiated thyroid cancer patients are at risk of local recurrence and distant metastases, respectively, and two-thirds lose RAI uptake, in what is termed radioactive iodine-refractory-differentiated thyroid cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Papillary Thyroid Cancer Trends in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Is There a Shift toward a More Aggressive Entity?

Hassan,

Bacha

et al. 2024

Diseases

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Background: Globally, the incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has been increasing over the last few decades and it has become the second most common cancer in women in the UAE. There is some evidence to suggest that COVID-19 infection might be directly linked to the development of aggressive variants of PTC. The primary goal of this study was to compare the clinical and pathologic characteristics of thyroid cancer patients treated at the largest endocrine surgery center in Abu Dhabi before and after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis included patients who underwent elective thyroid surgery at Burjeel Hospital between January 2018 and December 2022. Patients were divided into two groups based on when the COVID-19 outbreak started: group one, comprising patients who had surgery between January 2018 and December 2019 (the “pre-pandemic group”), and group two, comprising patients who had surgery between January 2021 and December 2022 (the “post-pandemic group”). In addition to demographic data, clinicopathological factors, such as aggressive cell type, multifocality, tumor size and location, laterality, lympho-vascular invasion, and extrathyroidal extension, were assessed. We utilized the t-paired test for parametric variables and the Chi-square test for the cross-table analysis. Results: During the study, 1141 people had thyroid surgery, with an annual average of 285 procedures. PTC cases recorded in the final histopathological samples rose from 111 in the pre-pandemic era to 182 in the post-pandemic era. Neither the female-to-male gender ratio, which was 90:21 in the pre-pandemic group and 142:40 in the post-pandemic group (p = 0.532), nor the median age, which was 39.1 and 40.1 years, respectively, varied significantly between the two groups. However, there was a significant increase between pre-pandemic and post-pandemic in the aggressive PTC variants (3% vs. 11.5%, p = 0.001), increased poor prognostic factors such as bilateral multifocality (10.8% vs. 32.4%, p = 0.000), as well as increased capsule–vascular tumor invasion (19.8% vs. 27%); on the other hand, the size of the single foci was 17 mm in the pre-pandemic group compared to 13 mm in the post-pandemic group (p = 0.001). Conclusions: A significant rise in unfavorable prognostic markers and aggressive subtypes of PTC was seen post-pandemic in thyroidectomy patients operated on at a leading endocrine surgery center in the United Arab Emirates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Papillary Thyroid Cancer Trends in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Is There a Shift toward a More Aggressive Entity?

Hassan,

Bacha

et al. 2024

Diseases

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“…In a study conducted to identify the incidence of thyroid cancer in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) between 2011 and 2017, thyroid cancer emerged as the top endocrine malignancy and the second most common malignancy among females [ 15 ]. This pattern exhibited a notable female predominance, with Emirati patients showing a ratio of 4.86:1 and expat patients 2.47:1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This pattern exhibited a notable female predominance, with Emirati patients showing a ratio of 4.86:1 and expat patients 2.47:1. The age of diagnosis typically occurred between the ages of 35 and 39 years [ 15 ]. The data revealed a 6.6% increase in thyroid cancer cases in the UAE during 2011-2017, equivalent to an annual rise of about 400 cases from 2011 to 2040.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Persistence and Recurrence of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Post-surgical Cases From a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Al-Haideri,

Othman,

Ahmad

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Background Despite the excellent prognosis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma, recurrence remains a major concern. However, the persistence of thyroid cancer post-thyroidectomy is not uncommon. We aimed to characterise patients who underwent re-operative surgery for differentiated thyroid carcinoma and analyse the percentage of re-operations that truly were for "recurrent" disease versus the management of persistent disease. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of the hospital database, analysing patients who visited the nuclear medicine department at Mediclinic City Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, between 2015 and 2022. The study included patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma who underwent re-operations after total thyroidectomy. Recurrence was defined as the development of disease after a patient had undetectable thyroglobulin and negative radiological scans within one year of the first surgery. Cases were categorised as "recurrent", "persistent", or "unable to classify" in the event of missing data. Results Out of 836 patients diagnosed with differentiated thyroid carcinoma who visited the nuclear medicine department, 71 underwent re-operations. The mean age of these patients was 44.4 years (CI 41.7-47.0), of whom 78.9% were females. Almost half (46.5%) underwent re-operations within the first year, and 98.6% were diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma. We were able to classify 63.4% of cases (n=45) as persistent disease, while 24 cases were categorised as "unable to classify". Only two cases met the criteria for recurrent disease. Conclusion The majority of cases previously classified as "recurrent" in differentiated thyroid carcinoma were found to be a persistent disease, possibly indicating inadequate therapy. Further research may be required to explore the reasons behind this eye-opening rate of disease persistence. This highlights an area for improvement in the management and future outcomes of differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients.

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“…Thus, thyroid surgery, including neck dissection, has become more common globally. In the UAE, the occurrence of thyroid cancer has increased alarmingly compared to neighbouring and Western countries, and it is the second most common malignancy in females ( 4 ). Thyroid carcinoma has four main histologic types: differentiated papillary, follicular, medullary and anaplastic (aggressive undifferentiated tumour) ( 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinico-pathological initial outcome of a newly adopted novel surgical technique for nodal metastatic thyroid cancer at a large-volume centre in a high-income developing country

Hassan,

Bacha

et al. 2023

Front. Surg.

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IntroductionThyroid cancer is the most common tumour in the endocrine system. In the past decade, the incidence of lymph node metastasis has increased, and so has the patient demand for a smaller scar. This research reports the surgical and patho-oncological short-term outcomes of a novel, minimally invasive neck dissection approach for thyroid carcinoma with lymph node metastases at the UAE's leading endocrine surgery centre.MethodsThis study employed a prospectively maintained surgical database to retrospectively analyse relevant parameters such as surgical complications, including bleeding, hypocalcaemia nerve injury and lymphatic fistula, as well as oncological metrics such as the type of tumour and the ratio of lymph node metastasis to the number of harvested lymph nodes in 100 patients that underwent open minimally invasive selective neck dissection.ResultsThe study comprised 50 patients with thyroidectomy, with bilateral central compartment neck dissection (BCCND; 50%); 34 with thyroidectomy, BCCND and selective bilateral lateral compartment neck dissection (BLCND; 34%); and 16 patients with selective unilateral central and lateral compartment neck dissection by recurrent nodal disease (ULCND; 16%). The female-to-male gender ratio was 78:22, with median ages of 36 and 42 years, respectively. Histopathology findings revealed that 92% of patients had papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and 8% had medullary thyroid cancer. The mean total number of lymph nodes removed was 22 in the BLCND group, 17 in the ULCND group and 8 in the BCCND group (p = 0.001). Furthermore, the average lymph node metastasis was significantly higher in the BLCND group (p = 0.002). The percentage of temporary hypoparathyroidism was 29.8% and it persisted for 1.3%. The lateral compartment dissection morbidity was as follows: Four male patients with tall cell infiltrative PTC presented with pre-existing vocal cord paresis, necessitating nerve resection and anastomosis, and two more developed it after surgery (1.1% of the nerve at risk). Lymphatic fistulas occurred in four patients (4%) who were treated conservatively. Two patients were readmitted due to symptomatic neck collection. Horner syndrome was discovered in just one female patient. Male gender, aggressive histology and lateral compartment dissection independently increased surgical morbidity. In a high-volume endocrine centre, the adoption of minimally invasive selective neck dissections to treat nodal metastatic thyroid cancer did not increase specific cervical surgery complications.

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Thyroid cancer incidence in the United Arab Emirates: a retrospective study on association with age and gender

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Papillary Thyroid Cancer Trends in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Is There a Shift toward a More Aggressive Entity?

Papillary Thyroid Cancer Trends in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Is There a Shift toward a More Aggressive Entity?

Incidence of Persistence and Recurrence of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Post-surgical Cases From a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Clinico-pathological initial outcome of a newly adopted novel surgical technique for nodal metastatic thyroid cancer at a large-volume centre in a high-income developing country

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