Thyroid cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Filetti, Sébastiano; Durante, Cosimo; Hartl, Dana M.; Leboulleux, Sophie; Locati, Laura D.; Newbold, Kate; Papotti, Mauro; Berruti, Alfredo

doi:10.1093/annonc/mdz400

Cited by 649 publications

(791 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…Lenvatinib (VEGFRi) and sorafenib are considered as first line therapy for differentiated thyroid cancers resistant to radioactive therapy with a significant improvement of PFS (10.8 months with sorafenib versus 5.8 months with placebo, mPFS 18.3 months with lenvatinib versus 3.6 months with placebo) [38,39]. For progressive metastatic medullar thyroid carcinoma, cabozantinib and vandetanib (EGFRi, RETi) are the first-line systemic treatments (PFS are 30.5 months with vandetanib versus 19.3 months with placebo, and 11.2 months with cabozantinib versus 4.0 months with placebo) [40].…”

Section: Current Indications Of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer: Breakthrough and Challenges of Targeted Therapy

Pottier

Fresnais

Gilon

et al. 2020

Cancers

299

220

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Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are key regulatory signaling proteins governing cancer cell growth and metastasis. During the last two decades, several molecules targeting RTKs were used in oncology as a first or second line therapy in different types of cancer. However, their effectiveness is limited by the appearance of resistance or adverse effects. In this review, we summarize the main features of RTKs and their inhibitors (RTKIs), their current use in oncology, and mechanisms of resistance. We also describe the technological advances of artificial intelligence, chemoproteomics, and microfluidics in elaborating powerful strategies that could be used in providing more efficient and selective small molecules inhibitors of RTKs. Finally, we discuss the interest of therapeutic combination of different RTKIs or with other molecules for personalized treatments, and the challenge for effective combination with less toxic and off-target effects.

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Section: Current Indications Of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer: Breakthrough and Challenges of Targeted Therapy

Pottier

Fresnais

Gilon

et al. 2020

Cancers

299

220

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“…Thyroid cancer is characterized by neck lump, difficulty in breathing or swallowing or hoarseness [3]. Based on the histopathological types, thyroid cancer can be classified into papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) [4,5]. Most cases of thyroid carcinoma can be treated with local or radical excision, with or without radioactive iodine therapy, external beam radiation and/or chemotherapy [3].…”

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confidence: 99%

WITHDRAWN: Contribution of microRNA-30d to the prevention of the thyroid cancer progression: mechanism and implications

Shao¹,

Zhang²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Thyroid cancer is a major endocrine tumor and represents an emerging health problem worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been addressed to be associated with the pathogenesis and progression of thyroid cancer. However, it remains largely unknown what functions miR-30d may exert on thyroid cancer. This study herein aimed to identify the functional significance and mechanism of miR-30d in the progression of thyroid cancer. Methods The expression of miR-30d and ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22) in cancerous tissues of patients with thyroid cancer was measured using RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. In response to the gain- or loss-of-function of miR-30d and USP22, cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry and TUNEL staining in combination with the measurement of apoptosis-related proteins. The interactions among miR-30d, USP22, SIRT1, FOXO3a and PUMA were explored using a series of assays, including dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, Co-IP and ChIP assay. The effects of miR-30d and USP22 on thyroid tumorigenesis were finally validated in vivo. Results MiR-30b presented aberrant low expression in thyroid cancer tissues and this low expression correlated with poor prognosis of thyroid cancer patients. miR-30d promoted apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells through targeting USP22, an up-regulated gene in thyroid cancer. USP22 could enhance the stability of SIRT1 by inducing deubiquitination which consequently contributed to FOXO3a deacetylation-induced PUMA repression. It was verified that this regulatory mechanism was responsible for the pro-apoptotic effect of miR-30d by the in vivo tumorigenicity assay. Conclusion To conclude, the progression of thyroid cancer can be suppressed by miR-30d-mediated inhibition of USP22, provides a promising therapeutic target for thyroid cancer treatment.

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“…Therefore, the lack of diagnosis of MTC is a matter of concern primarily in the case of "suspicious" nodules ≤ 1 cm without extrathyroidal extension or LN involvement on US. Even FNA is not necessary in these nodules [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Exactly these nodules were selected for the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although thyroid ultrasonography (US) is not recommended for individuals without palpable nodules, a large proportion of patients with nodular thyroid disease seen in clinical practice have nodules ≤ 1 cm [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is currently not necessary in adults with nodules ≤ 1 cm who do not exhibit apparent extrathyroidal extension or lymph node (LN) involvement on US [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The main reason for this recommendation is that low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (microPTC) do not require immediate treatment since the majority do not show progression [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of Serum Calcitonin in Patients with Thyroid Nodules ≤ 1 cm Without an Indication for Fine-Needle Aspiration

2020

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Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is not necessary in adults with nodules ≤ 1 cm without apparent extrathyroidal extension (ETE) or lymph node (LN) involvement on ultrasonography (US). In the absence of FNA and serum calcitonin (Ctn) measurement, medullary thyroid microcarcinomas (microMTC) are not diagnosed. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate Ctn levels in adults with a low clinical risk of MTC and nodules ≤ 1 cm without ETE or LN involvement on US. A total of 506 consecutively seen adults who had nodules with two or more suspicious features were included. Patients with elevated basal Ctn underwent a calcium stimulation test and FNA. Basal Ctn was normal in 490 patients (96.8%). In the 16 patients with elevated basal Ctn, FNA revealed MTC in only one patient and MTC was not suspected in the 15 patients with elevated basal Ctn. Three patients with stimulated Ctn<100 pg/ml and benign cytology were not submitted to surgery. MTC was excluded by histology in three patients with stimulated Ctn<100 pg/ml and indeterminate or suspicious cytology and in eight patients with stimulated Ctn>100 pg/ml. One patient with stimulated Ctn>100 pg/ml had MTC. Ctn was undetectable 6 months after surgery in two patients with MTC. Although uncommon, even subjects without a suspicious history and with nodules ≤ 1 cm without ETE or LN involvement on US, but with suspicious findings, can have microMTC. The measurement of Ctn permits the diagnosis of these cases.

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Thyroid cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Cited by 649 publications

References 163 publications

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer: Breakthrough and Challenges of Targeted Therapy

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer: Breakthrough and Challenges of Targeted Therapy

WITHDRAWN: Contribution of microRNA-30d to the prevention of the thyroid cancer progression: mechanism and implications

Usefulness of Serum Calcitonin in Patients with Thyroid Nodules ≤ 1 cm Without an Indication for Fine-Needle Aspiration

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