Thyroid cancer “epidemic” also occurs in low‐ and middle‐income countries

Lortet‐Tieulent, Joannie; Franceschi, Silvia; Maso, Luigino Dal; Vaccarella, Salvatore

doi:10.1002/ijc.31884

Cited by 82 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The high burden of thyroid cancer in Kerala could be due to overdiagnosis, 27 as was observed even in high-income and low- and middle-income countries. 28 AAR in Barshi rural is almost one third of urban PBCRs (males, 50.6 v 147.0; females, 61.0 v 146.8), and the increase in APC was less compared with urban PBCRs. This needs additional investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Cancer Statistics, 2020: Report From National Cancer Registry Programme, India

Mathur

Sathishkumar

Chaturvedi

et al. 2020

JCO Global Oncology

792

394

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PURPOSE The systematic collection of data on cancer is being performed by various population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) and hospital-based cancer registries (HBCRs) across India under the National Cancer Registry Programme–National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research of Indian Council of Medical Research since 1982. METHODS This study examined the cancer incidence, patterns, trends, projections, and mortality from 28 PBCRs and also the stage at presentation and type of treatment of patients with cancer from 58 HBCRs (N = 667,666) from the pooled analysis for the composite period 2012-2016. Time trends in cancer incidence rate were generated as annual percent change from 16 PBCRs (those with a minimum of 10 years of continuous good data available) using Joinpoint regression. RESULTS Aizawl district (269.4) and Papumpare district (219.8) had the highest age-adjusted incidence rates among males and females, respectively. The projected number of patients with cancer in India is 1,392,179 for the year 2020, and the common 5 leading sites are breast, lung, mouth, cervix uteri, and tongue. Trends in cancer incidence rate showed an increase in all sites of cancer in both sexes and were high in Kamrup urban (annual percent change, 3.8%; P < .05). The majority of the patients with cancer were diagnosed at the locally advanced stage for breast (57.0%), cervix uteri (60.0%), head and neck (66.6%), and stomach (50.8%) cancer, whereas in lung cancer, distant metastasis was predominant among males (44.0%) and females (47.6%). CONCLUSION This study provides a framework for assessing the status and trends of cancer in India. It shall guide appropriate support for action to strengthen efforts to improve cancer prevention and control to achieve the national noncommunicable disease targets and the sustainable development goals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Cancer Statistics, 2020: Report From National Cancer Registry Programme, India

Mathur

Sathishkumar

Chaturvedi

et al. 2020

JCO Global Oncology

792

394

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Over-detection practices, which become more prevalent as socioeconomic development grows, and under-diagnosis and under-reporting in countries with lower socioeconomic level, may also partly explain why incidence but not mortality rates increase together with socioeconomic development. [24][25][26][27][28] The rise in cancer incidence among Group B cancers across EdI is predominantly driven by lung cancer and explained by the earlier adoption and high prevalence of tobacco smoking in high EdI countries. 29 Lung, brain and pancreatic cancers still have limited early detection and treatment options, which may explain the similarity of the patterns between incidence and mortality rates.…”

Section: Group D: No Clear Association Of Incidence and Mortality Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling global cancer incidence and mortality by socioeconomic development

Lortet‐Tieulent

Georges

Bray

et al. 2020

Intl Journal of Cancer

Self Cite

104

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Economic and living conditions have improved over time in most countries, although often in association with detrimental lifestyle and environmental changes that are major determinants of cancer. In this ecological study, we assess the association between national socioeconomic levels and incidence and mortality rates for all cancers combined and 27 cancer types, in 175 countries. We obtained national level cancer incidence and mortality estimates for 2018 from GLOBOCAN and computed an index of socioeconomic development based on national education and income levels extracted from the United Nations Development Programme. Cancer incidence rates are strongly positively associated with the national socioeconomic level for all cancers combined and for a large number of cancer types, in both sexes. Conversely, the association between socioeconomic development and cancer mortality rates is less clear. The most common pattern for type-specific cancers is an increasing incidence rate with a relatively stable mortality rate as socioeconomic development increases. Despite the high incidence rates for many cancer types, mortality rates are relatively low in high-income countries, partly due to the availability of early detection and effective treatments. As socioeconomic development continues to rise, countries with currently low-and medium-development levels may experience large increases in the incidence of several cancers. Given the limited resources and lack of infrastructure, increases in incidence rates in low-income countries will likely be paralleled by increases in mortality rates. Efforts to plan, implement and evaluate prevention programs must therefore be considered as greater priorities in Low-and Middle-income countries.

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“…However, this does not mean that this is the direct cause of a lesion's malignancy (i.e., risk stratification in the thyroid nodule), but it is an indicator that the prognosis of malignancy is worse when the nodule is malignant. These risk factors are related to the population and the Human Development Index [26], [27].…”

Section: A Clinical Analysis Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian Assessment of Diagnostic Strategy for a Thyroid Nodule Involving a Combination of Clinical Synthetic Features and Molecular Data

et al. 2020

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The use of machine learning has increased over the years, especially in the world of molecular data. Generally, the inference of relationships between features is determined by statistical models. The phenotype (observable clinical characteristics) can result from the expression of the genotype (genetic code) or environmental factors. Molecular datasets have limited information, while supporting clinical data is ambiguous. There are no well-established approaches for combining clinical information with genomic repositories. The genomic tests that are available only use molecular data and give physicians a result which can be integrated clinically. In this paper, we present the strategy where clinical data, regardless of its limitations, is combined in one predictive model with molecular features. We predict the risk of malignancy in the thyroid nodules based on the results of fine-needle aspiration biopsy and expression of selected genes. We utilize a Bayesian network (BN) framework to discover relationships between molecular features and assess the impact of added clinical data quality on the performance of the chosen gene set. Bayesian network offering both prognostic and diagnostic perspectives is a perfect non-parametric technique for feature selection, feature extraction, and prediction purposes. We show that certain clinical factors could work as a synthetic feature and provide predictive abilities beyond what genes alone can offer. The experimental results demonstrate a higher performance of predictive models based on molecular and clinical data than when using only molecular data. We also explain why, one should consider the source of clinical data, but be aware of the quality of variables.

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Thyroid cancer “epidemic” also occurs in low‐ and middle‐income countries

Cited by 82 publications

References 25 publications

Cancer Statistics, 2020: Report From National Cancer Registry Programme, India

Cancer Statistics, 2020: Report From National Cancer Registry Programme, India

Profiling global cancer incidence and mortality by socioeconomic development

Bayesian Assessment of Diagnostic Strategy for a Thyroid Nodule Involving a Combination of Clinical Synthetic Features and Molecular Data

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