Thyroid Autoimmunity and Reproductive Function

Crawford, Natalie; Steiner, Anne Z.

doi:10.1055/s-0036-1593485

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…In our study, E 2 levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) under starvation stress conditions (2-vs-3) and then gradually increased when feed and water supply was restored to the hens (3-vs-5). TSH can promote thyroid secretion and release of T4, whereas GH [52,53] and T4 [54][55][56] play an important role in the control of reproductive tract development in hens and chicken embryo health. In this study, GH and TSH levels in the recovery period (3-vs-4 and 4-vs-5, respectively) of molting were significantly increased to restore the health status and reproductive potential of hens.…”

Section: Serological Indices Regulate the Fm Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Analysis of Laying Hens Revealed the Role of Aging-Related Genes during Forced Molting

Zhang

Chen

Wen

et al. 2021

Genes

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Molting in birds provides us with an ideal genetic model for understanding aging and rejuvenation since birds present younger characteristics for reproduction and appearance after molting. Forced molting (FM) by fasting in chickens causes aging of their reproductive system and then promotes cell redevelopment by providing water and feed again. To reveal the genetic mechanism of rejuvenation, we detected blood hormone indexes and gene expression levels in the hypothalamus and ovary of hens from five different periods during FM. Three hormones were identified as participating in FM. Furthermore, the variation trends of gene expression levels in the hypothalamus and ovary at five different stages were found to be basically similar using transcriptome analysis. Among them, 45 genes were found to regulate cell aging during fasting stress and 12 genes were found to promote cell development during the recovery period in the hypothalamus. In addition, five hub genes (INO80D, HELZ, AGO4, ROCK2, and RFX7) were identified by WGCNA. FM can restart the reproductive function of aged hens by regulating expression levels of genes associated with aging and development. Our study not only enriches the theoretical basis of FM but also provides insights for the study of antiaging in humans and the conception mechanism in elderly women.

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Section: Serological Indices Regulate the Fm Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Analysis of Laying Hens Revealed the Role of Aging-Related Genes during Forced Molting

Zhang

Chen

Wen

et al. 2021

Genes

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show abstract

“…Even if we would implement the systematic determination of TSH and T4 in all pregnancies, we would not be able to reduce the incidence of obstetric complications associated to autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) (44). Although the universal antithyroid antibodies testing during pregnancy has been published to be cost effective (19), its routine implementation in certain clinical settings (clinics, private practice) might not be appropriate in either economic or practical terms (45).…”

Section: Reasons Against Universal Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying and treating subclinical thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy: emerging controversies

Velasco

Taylor

2018

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Thyroid hormones are essential for an adequate growth and development of the fetus. In addition to the classical association between maternal hypothyroidism and neurological impairment in the progeny, other adverse reproductive events have been associated with maternal thyroid dysfunction including infertility, miscarriage and preterm delivery. Although all scientific societies endorse the treatment of overt hypothyroidism; the management and/or treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroxinemia or antithyroid antibody-positive women should be considered with caution. Important trials have found no clear benefit of treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism in terms of cognitive outcomes; however, other interventional studies appear to reduce some of the obstetric and perinatal complications. As a result, the dilemma between universal screening or selective screening of women at high risk of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy remains unresolved. Despite this, levothyroxine is also now regularly prescribed by gynaecologists and centres for reproductive medicine. In this context, there is increasing concern regarding the risk of over diagnosis and subsequent potential overtreatment. Taken together, we need to reconsider how thyroid dysfunction should be identified in pregnant women and highlight the arguments for and against the use of levothyroxine in obstetric practices. Our main findings: the mismatch between the guidelines recommendations and the use of LT4 in clinical settings as well as the disparity of criteria between scientific societies from different medical specialties. In conclusion, it is essential to reach agreements between both endocrinologists and obstetricians.

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Di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate induced thyroid toxicity via endoplasmic reticulum stress: In vivo and in vitro study

Zhao

et al. 2022

Environmental Toxicology

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Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) could induce thyroid injury but the mechanism was unclear. This study combined in vivo and in vitro experiments to clarify the mechanism. In vivo, the offspring of Sprague Dawley rats were gavaged with different doses of DEHP (5, 50, and 250 mg/[kgÁd]) from in utero to 12 weeks-old. Transcriptome sequencing was used to detect the mRNA expression profile of the offspring's thyroids. Differentially expressed genes were identified, followed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. In vitro, Nthyori 3-1 cells were exposed to DEHP's metabolite mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) to verify the pathway we found by KEGG analysis. The results indicated that DEHP could disorder the thyroid hormones. Compared with the offspring in control group, the mRNA levels of 656 genes were upregulated in the offspring exposed to 50 mg/(kgÁd) DEHP. The upregulated genes were enriched in the pathway of "protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)." It indicated that the ER stress might play significant role in the thyroid toxicity induced by DEHP. In vitro, the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) level of cells was decreased while the reactive oxygen species level was increased after MEHP exposure. MEHP increased the intracellular Ca 2+ level and induced ER stress. After ER stress was inhibited by the 4-phenylbutyric acid, the thyroid toxicity caused by MEHP was alleviated. Taken together, our results indicated that DEHP could induce thyroid toxicity by activating ER stress.

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Thyroid Autoimmunity and Reproductive Function

Cited by 8 publications

References 68 publications

Transcriptomic Analysis of Laying Hens Revealed the Role of Aging-Related Genes during Forced Molting

Transcriptomic Analysis of Laying Hens Revealed the Role of Aging-Related Genes during Forced Molting

Identifying and treating subclinical thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy: emerging controversies

Di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate induced thyroid toxicity via endoplasmic reticulum stress: In vivo and in vitro study

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