Thymus capitatus from Tunisian arid zone: Chemical composition and in vitro anthelmintic effects on Haemonchus contortus

Elandalousi, Ramzi Boubaker; Akkari, Hafidh; B’chir, Fatma; Gharbi, Mohamed; Mhadhbi, Moez; Awadi, Soufia; Darghouth, Mohamed Aziz

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.05.016

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…25 metabolites, of which 17 have been identified and used as markers for chemotaxonomic purposes ( 1 – 17 ) ( Formulae and Table ). Two flavones, apigenin and luteolin, are highly represented with a relevant number of derivatives, including the aforementioned vicenin‐2; these data are in accordance with previous studies, which reported a great abundance of apigenin and luteolin derivatives in extracts from wild thyme. Eriodictyol and naringenin, belonging to the sub‐class of flavanones, and one flavanol (taxifolin), have also been identified in the extracts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical, Ecological and Antioxidant Evaluation of Wild Sicilian Thyme: Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav.

Saija

Speciale

Trombetta

et al. 2016

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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In a broad survey conducted throughout the Sicily region, 45 different sites were identified where thyme grows wild. All the biotypes collected were classified as Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. (syn. Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link). Cluster analysis based on the main morphological characteristics of the plant led to the division of the biotypes into 3 major groups. All samples were analyzed for their secondary phytochemical metabolites identified in the extracts and the essential oils. LC-UV-DAD/ESI-MS and GC-FID/GC-MS have been applied to characterize the extracts and the essential oils, respectively. In the extracts, 15 flavonoid derivatives with taxifolin-di-O-glucoside and thymusin as main components, and 2 organic acids, with a large predominance of rosmarinic acid, were identified. On the whole 37 compounds were fully characterized in the essential oils, carvacrol was identified as the main component with an average value of 73.93%. The total phenol content and the antioxidant activity of all phytochemical complexes were determined with the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) assay, the UV radiation-induced peroxidation in liposomal membranes (UV-IP test), and the scavenging activity of superoxide radical (O2∙-).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical, Ecological and Antioxidant Evaluation of Wild Sicilian Thyme: Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav.

Saija

Speciale

Trombetta

et al. 2016

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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“…Thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol) is a major constituent of the essential oils from plants of the genus Lippia and Thymis (GOMES et al, 2011;ELANDALOUSI et al, 2013) and presents in vitro anthelmintic activity on H. contortus (CAMURÇA-VASCONCELOS et al 2007;ELANDALOUSI et al, 2013;FERREIRA et al, 2016). It is a phenolic compound causing high toxicity due to the presence of the hydroxyl radical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthelmintic effect of thymol and thymol acetate on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes and their toxicity in mice

André

Cavalcante

Ribeiro

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Thymol is a monoterpene and acetylation form of this compound can reduce the toxicity and enhance its biological effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of thymol and thymol acetate (TA) on egg, larva and adult Haemonchus contortus and the cuticular changes, acute toxicity in mice and the efficacy on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. In vitro tests results were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by comparison with Tukey test or Bonferroni. The efficacy of in vivo test was calculated by the BootStreet program. In the egg hatch test (EHT), thymol (0.5 mg/mL) and TA (4 mg/mL) inhibited larval hatching by 98% and 67.1%, respectively. Thymol and TA (8 mg/mL) inhibited 100% of larval development. Thymol and TA (800 µg/mL) reduced the motility of adult worms, by 100% and 83.4%, respectively. Thymol caused cuticular changes in adult worm teguments. In the acute toxicity test, the LD 50 of thymol and TA were 1,350.9 mg/kg and 4,144.4 mg/kg, respectively. Thymol and TA reduced sheep egg count per gram of faeces (epg) by 59.8% and 76.2%, respectively. In in vitro tests thymol presented better anthelmintic activity than TA. However TA was less toxic and in in vivo test efficacy was similar.Keywords: Acetylation, thymol, Haemonchus contortus, nematodes, sheep. ResumoTimol é um monoterpeno e a acetilação deste composto pode reduzir a toxicidade e potencializar os seus efeitos biológicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do timol e acetato de timolila (AT) sobre ovos, larvas e adultos de Haemonchus contortus e suas alterações cuticulares, toxicidade aguda em camundongos e a eficácia sobre nematoides gastrintestinais de ovinos. Os resultados dos testes in vitro foram analisados por análise de variância (ANOVA) e comparados pelo testes de Tukey ou Bonferroni. A eficácia do teste de redução da contagem de ovos nas fezes (RCOF) foi calculada pelo programa BootStreet. No teste de inibição da eclosão de ovos (TEO), timol (0,5 mg/mL) e AT (4 mg/mL) inibiram a eclosão das larvas em 98% e 67,1%, respectivamente. Timol e AT (8 mg/mL) inibiram 100% do desenvolvimento larval. Timol e AT (800 µg/mL) reduziram a motilidade dos nematoides adultos, em 100% e 83,4%, respectivamente. O timol provocou alterações cuticulares nos nematoides adultos. No teste de toxicidade aguda, a DL50 do timol e AT foi de 1.350,9 mg/kg e 4.144,4 mg/kg, respectivamente. Timol e AT reduziram a contagem de ovos por gramas de fezes (OPG) dos ovinos em 59,8% e 76,2%, respectivamente. Nos testes in vitro timol apresentou atividade melhor anti-helmíntica do que AT. Entretanto, AT foi menos tóxico do que o timol e no teste in vivo apresentaram eficácia semelhante.

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“…These findings could also be compared with Akkari et al (2014) who recorded the findings that the maximum concentration required to induce complete (100%) egg hatch inhibition for crude aqueous and ethanolic extracts was 2 mg/ml. Thymus capitatus (another important pastoral species form arid Tunisia) aqueous and ethanolic extracts totally inhibited H. contortus egg hatching at 2 mg/ml concentration (Landolsi et al, 2013).…”

Section: Egg Hatch Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro evaluation of anthelmintic activity of tannin-containing plant Artemisia extracts against Haemonchus contortus from goat

Karim¹,

Islam²,

Lovelu³

et al. 2019

J Bangladesh Agric Univ

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Gastrointestinal nematode causes significant production losses in grazing ruminants and anthelmintic resistance are increasing at an alarming rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic effects of tannin-containing plant Artemisia vulgaris against stomach worm Haemonchus contortus of goat. In this respect, in vitro anthelmintic activities of crude aqueous and ethanolic extracts of aerial parts of A. vulgaris were investigated on eggs, larvae (L3) and adults of H. contortus in the laboratory. Experimental plant Artemisia was collected, dried in shade and grinded to coarse powder and subjected to prepare crude aqueous and ethanolic extract. The experiment revealed that crude ethanolic extracts completely inhibited egg hatching at concentration of 5 mg/ml whereas aqueous extracts at concentration of 10 mg/ml. After exposure of 8 hours, the crude ethanolic extracts inhibited 69.33%, 51% and 38% larval motility tested at 20 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml concentrations, respectively while the crude aqueousextracts inhibited 57.33%, 48.67% and 34.67% at the same concentrations. The ethanolic extract showed better in vitro effects against adult stomach worm than the aqueous extract in terms of motility inhibition at different hours post-treatment. Dose dependent effects were also observed for both extract. After 2 and 8 hours of exposure, the ethanolic extract induced 53.33% and 100% mortality at the highest tested concentration respectively, while the aqueous extract induced 47.67% and 86.67% at the same concentration. To our best knowledge, this is the first study in Bangladesh on the in vitro anthelmintic effects of A. vulgaris against H. contortus. Further in vitro and in vivo trials with this plant are required to evaluate their anthelmintic effects precisely. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(3): 363–368, 2019

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Thymus capitatus from Tunisian arid zone: Chemical composition and in vitro anthelmintic effects on Haemonchus contortus

Cited by 40 publications

References 19 publications

Phytochemical, Ecological and Antioxidant Evaluation of Wild Sicilian Thyme: Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav.

Phytochemical, Ecological and Antioxidant Evaluation of Wild Sicilian Thyme: Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav.

Anthelmintic effect of thymol and thymol acetate on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes and their toxicity in mice

In vitro evaluation of anthelmintic activity of tannin-containing plant Artemisia extracts against Haemonchus contortus from goat

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