Thymosin Beta4 Regulates Cardiac Valve Formation Via Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transformation in Zebrafish Embryos

Shin, Sunhye; Lee, Sangkyu; Bae, Jong‐Sup; Jee, Jun-Goo; Cha, Hee‐Jae; Lee, You Mie

doi:10.14348/molcells.2014.0003

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Among these cells, about 60 % expressed Sca-1 while less than 1 % expressed c-kit [96]. These findings combined with the knowledge that (i) thymosin β4 significantly increases the expression of TGF-β in the epicardium following MI [108] and (ii) TGF-β enhances thymosin β4 mRNA expression and EMT in aortic endothelial cells [110] suggest that thymosin β4 may cooperate with TGF-β in epicardial EMT induction and Sca-1 + /WT1 + CPC amplification.…”

Section: Soluble Factors and Intracellular Signaling Involved In Epicsupporting

confidence: 56%

Generation of cardiac progenitor cells through epicardial to mesenchymal transition

et al. 2015

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The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process that drives the formation of cells involved both in tissue repair and in pathological conditions, including tissue fibrosis and tumor metastasis by providing cancer cells with stem cell properties. Recent findings suggest that EMT is reactivated in the heart following ischemic injury. Specifically, epicardial EMT might be involved in the formation of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) that can differentiate into endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and, possibly, cardiomyocytes. The identification of mechanisms and signaling pathways governing EMT-derived CPC generation and differentiation may contribute to the development of a more efficient regenerative approach for adult heart repair. Here, we summarize key literature in the field.

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Section: Soluble Factors and Intracellular Signaling Involved In Epicsupporting

confidence: 56%

Generation of cardiac progenitor cells through epicardial to mesenchymal transition

et al. 2015

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“…Some genes in the vicinity of these loci have functions that may be involved with neurogenesis, wound healing, lipid metabolism and vitellogenesis. More specifically, noteworthy functions include the following: Beta-thymosin (IPR001152), a multi-function protein involved with cellular processes such as wound healing, actin formation (muscle development), embryonic organ development, and disease pathogenesis 99 , 100 ; ADAM9 (IPR006586), a membrane-anchored protein involved with cell adhesion, fertilization, muscular development and neurogenesis 101 ; Roundabout homolog 2 (IPR032985) and SCO-spondin (IPR030119), which are independently related to axonal migration, growth, neural development, and tissue development 102 ; and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (IPR017130), with functions related to lipid and cholesterol control 103 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape limits gene flow and drives population structure in Agassiz’s desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)

Sánchez‐Ramírez

Rico

Berry

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Distance, environmental heterogeneity and local adaptation can strongly influence population structure and connectivity. Understanding how these factors shape the genomic landscape of threatened species is a major goal in conservation genomics and wildlife management. Herein, we use thousands (6,859) of single nucleotide polymorphism markers and spatial data from hundreds of individuals (n = 646) to re-evaluate the population structure of Agassiz’s desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). Analyses resolve from 4 to 8 spatially well-defined clusters across the range. Western, central, and southern populations within the Western Mojave recovery unit are consistent throughout, while analyses sometimes merge other recovery units depending on the level of clustering. Causal modeling consistently associates genetic connectivity with least-cost distance, based on multiple landscape features associated with tortoise habitat, better than geographic distance. Some features include elevation, soil depth, rock volume, precipitation, and vegetation coverage, suggesting that physical, climatic, and biotic landscape features have played a strong evolutionary role restricting gene flow between populations. Further, 12 highly differentiated outlier loci have associated functions that may be involved with neurogenesis, wound healing, lipid metabolism, and possibly vitellogenesis. Together, these findings have important implications for recovery programs, such as translocations, population augmentation, reproduction in captivity and the identification of ecologically important genes, opening new venues for conservation genomics in desert tortoises.

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“… 20 In the heart of zebrafish, Tβ4 was shown to increase EMT in cardiac valve formation. 103 When Tβ4 is overexpressed in colon carcinoma cells, EMT occurs with downregulation of E-cadherin by ZEB1-mediation transcriptional repression and an accumulation of β-catenin, mediated by integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and Akt. 104 Indeed, Tβ4 prompts cell migration and invasion through positive regulation of the ILK/Akt/β-catenin/integrin signaling cascade in human colorectal cancer cells.…”

Section: Bioengineering Strategies To Control Emtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioengineering strategies to control epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition for studies of cardiac development and disease

et al. 2021

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Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process that occurs in a wide range of tissues and environments, in response to numerous factors and conditions, and plays a critical role in development, disease, and regeneration. The process involves epithelia transitioning into a mobile state and becoming mesenchymal cells. The investigation of EMT processes has been important for understanding developmental biology and disease progression, enabling the advancement of treatment approaches for a variety of disorders such as cancer and myocardial infarction. More recently, tissue engineering efforts have also recognized the importance of controlling the EMT process. In this review, we provide an overview of the EMT process and the signaling pathways and factors that control it, followed by a discussion of bioengineering strategies to control EMT. Important biological, biomaterial, biochemical, and physical factors and properties that have been utilized to control EMT are described, as well as the studies that have investigated the modulation of EMT in tissue engineering and regenerative approaches in vivo , with a specific focus on the heart. Novel tools that can be used to characterize and assess EMT are discussed and finally, we close with a perspective on new bioengineering methods that have the potential to transform our ability to control EMT, ultimately leading to new therapies.

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Thymosin Beta4 Regulates Cardiac Valve Formation Via Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transformation in Zebrafish Embryos

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Generation of cardiac progenitor cells through epicardial to mesenchymal transition

Generation of cardiac progenitor cells through epicardial to mesenchymal transition

Landscape limits gene flow and drives population structure in Agassiz’s desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)

Bioengineering strategies to control epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition for studies of cardiac development and disease

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