Thymosin Beta 4 Induces Hair Growth via Stem Cell Migration and Differentiation

Philp, Deborah; St-Surin, Sharleen; Jae, Hee; Moon, Hye Sung; Kleinman, Hynda K.; Elkin, Michael

doi:10.1196/annals.1415.009

Cited by 51 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Overexpression of Tβ4 leads to rapid vessel formation, whereas inhibition of Tβ4 expression decreases vessel formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) (24). Further, other studies have reported that treatment with Tβ4 promotes the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes due to the reduction of keratin 15 (K15) expression, which is known as the marker gene of undifferentiated hair follicle stem cells (10). In this study, expression of Tβ4 mRNA and protein was strongly increased on day 4 and decreased from day 14 to day 28 during differentiation of MDPC-23 cells.…”

Section: A B Csupporting

confidence: 53%

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Expression of thymosin β4 in odontoblasts during mouse tooth development

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is expressed in developing tissue, where it stimulates cell differentiation and migration. Further, Tβ4 is expressed during molar development in mice, but the expression and function of Tβ4 in odontoblasts during mammalian tooth development have not yet been reported. Therefore, this study examined the expression and function of Tβ4 in differentiating odontoblasts during tooth development. As observed by immunohistochemistry, Tβ4 was expressed in the oral epithelium and inside cells of the tooth bud on embryonic day 15 (E15). Further, on E17, Tβ4 was expressed strongly in the dental lamina and oral epithelium, but only expressed in part of the cells in the outer and inner dental epithelium. Tβ4 was strongly expressed in the entire cytoplasm of odontoblasts on postnatal day 1 (PN1) and expressed intensively in the apical area of odontoblasts on PN4. Further, expression of Tβ4 was increased gradually in odontoblasts from PN1 to PN21. In an odontoblast cell line, MDPC-23, expression of Tβ4 mRNA and protein was increased strongly on day 4 and gradually decreased from day 14. The gene expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN), osteonectin (ON), and collagen type I, related with mineralization, was significantly decreased in si-Tβ4/MDPC-23 during differentiation compared to that in MDPC-23 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that Tβ4 may be involved in oral epithelial cell proliferation at the initial stage of tooth development and regulates the expression and secretion of proteins during odontoblast differentiation.

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Section: A B Csupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Tβ4 promotes the migration and differentiation of hair follicle stem cells, stimulates endothelial cell differentiation during vessel formation. Furthermore, Tβ4 has been shown to be expressed in differentiating cardiac cells, the developing brain, and the mandible of mice (10)(11)(12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of thymosin β4 in odontoblasts during mouse tooth development

et al. 2012

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“…사이모신 베타 4는 actin 과 결합하며 주로 F-actin을 G-actin으로 분리하는 actin depolymerization을 증가시키는 펩티드로서 actin cytoskeleton의 구조를 변경하는데 관여하여 직접적으로 세포의 이동을 조절 한다 [18]. 처음 사이모신 베타 4가 발견될 때는 갑상선에서 분 비되는 펩티드로써 면역반응이나 염증반응에도 관여하는 cytokine이나 성장인자일 것으로 알려졌으나 최근 여러 가지 연 구를 통해 혈관신생(angiogenesis)을 증가시키고 [3,13] 상처 치유(wound healing) [14,15]를 촉진하며 모발 성장(hair growth) 등을 증진시킨다고 보고되었다 [16,17]. 그 외에도 최 근 사이모신 베타 4는 integrin-linked kinase와 결합하여 survival kinase Akt의 인산화(phosphorylation)를 증가시켜 심근 세포의 이동과 생존을 증가시킨다는 보고가 있어 여러 세포의 이동 및 생리작용에 사이모신 베타 4가 중요한 역할을 담당하 고 있음이 밝혀졌다 [1].…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

Analysis of the Expression Patterns of Thymosin β4, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α in Various Tumors Using Tissue Microarray

Lee¹,

Lee²,

Ahn³

et al. 2011

Journal of Life Science

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Thymosin β4 (TB-4) has been reported to play a key role in tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis. In addition, TB-4 induced the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stabilized the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α in melanoma cells. Although the importance of thymosin β4 in angiogenesis and metastasis has been proven, there are few studies that show the expression patterns of TB-4, VEGF and HIF-1α. This study was conducted to analyze the relationship among these proteins in various tumors. Using tissue microarray analysis, we investigated the expression patterns of TB-4, VEGF and HIF-1α in various tumors to identify the expression patterns and relationships of these proteins in certain tumors. TB-4 was highly expressed in osteosarcoma, colon adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, kidney and urinary bladder transitional carcinoma, lung cancer, and liver cancer. HIF-1α was highly expressed in nasal cavity inverted papilloma, lung cancer, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The expression patterns of TB-4 and HIF-1α were almost similar and co-localized. VEGF expression was high in the blood vessels in tumors, but usually not high in the tumors themselves. VEGF was moderately expressed in stomach cancer, liver angiosarcoma, gall bladder adenocarcinoma, and uterus endometrial adenocarcinoma. The expression patterns of VEGF shows similarities in certain tumors including stomach cancer, osteosarcoma, liposarcoma, lung cancer, liver cancer, gall bladder adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, stomach cancer, colorectal carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. These results suggest that the expression patterns of TB-4, HIF-1α and VEGF were co-localized and related to tumorigenesis and angiogenesis of certain tumors.

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“…Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is the actin-sequestering peptide known to regulate cell differentiation and migration (Goldstein et al, 2005;Safer et al, 1997). Tβ4 promotes the differentiation and migration of hair follicle stem cells and stimulates endothelial cell differentiation during angiogenesis (Grant et al, 1999;Philp et al, 2007). The expression of Tβ4 is increased in developing cardiovascular tissues and the mandible of mice and the cerebellum of rats (Anadón et al, 2001;Gómez-Márquez et al, 1996;Yamaza et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Thymosin β4 in Ameloblasts during Mouse Tooth Development

Choi¹,

Lee²,

Nho³

et al. 2016

Applied Microscopy

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Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) has been recently reported to play a role in dentinogenesis by regulating the expression of dentin matrix proteins. Based on previous studies, it is hypothesized that Tβ4 is associated with the formation of the enamel matrix and thus plays an important role in ameloblast. However, there is no report on the function of Tβ4 during tooth development so far. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the expression of Tβ4 and its function in ameloblasts during mouse tooth development. Tβ4 was expressed strongly in the tooth bud at the bud stage and in the dental lamina and oral epithelium at the cap stage. In advanced bell stage at postnatal day 4, large elongated ameloblasts were observed and the expression of the Tβ4 protein was the highest, with the enamel being was thicker than that in the early bell stage. The length of ameloblasts increased from the presecretory to the secretory stage and decreased from the maturation to the protective stage. These results suggest that Tβ4 participates not only in the proliferation of oral epithelial cells during the early stage of tooth development but also regulates enamel protein secretion in ameloblasts and enamel mineralization.

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Thymosin Beta 4 Induces Hair Growth via Stem Cell Migration and Differentiation

Cited by 51 publications

References 31 publications

Expression of thymosin β4 in odontoblasts during mouse tooth development

Expression of thymosin β4 in odontoblasts during mouse tooth development

Analysis of the Expression Patterns of Thymosin β4, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α in Various Tumors Using Tissue Microarray

Expression of Thymosin β4 in Ameloblasts during Mouse Tooth Development

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