Thymoquinone-Enriched Naringenin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier for Brain Delivery via Nasal Route: In Vitro Prospect and In Vivo Therapeutic Efficacy for the Treatment of Depression
Abstract:In the current research, a thymoquinone-enriched naringenin (NGN)-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) was developed and delivered via the nasal route for depression. Thymoquinone (TQ) oil was used as the liquid lipid and provided synergistic effects. A TQ- and NGN-enriched NLC was developed via the ultrasonication technique and optimized using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The optimized NLC exhibited the following properties: droplet size, 84.17 to 86.71 nm; PDI, 0.258 to 0.271; zeta poten… Show more
“…The RCB-NLCs gel exhibited a 1.91 time higher in drug permeation in comparison to the RCB-SUS gel's drug penetration. This may be due to the RCB-NLCs gel's longer retention time, which contributed to a higher penetration rate and the intended extended release of the drug across skin, acting as a drug reservoir and proving the gel's effectiveness in drug permeation experiments ( Qizilbash et al, 2022 ). Fig.…”
“…The RCB-NLCs gel exhibited a 1.91 time higher in drug permeation in comparison to the RCB-SUS gel's drug penetration. This may be due to the RCB-NLCs gel's longer retention time, which contributed to a higher penetration rate and the intended extended release of the drug across skin, acting as a drug reservoir and proving the gel's effectiveness in drug permeation experiments ( Qizilbash et al, 2022 ). Fig.…”
“…The study proved that the release profile, permeation, antioxidant and pharmacodynamic behavior of the TQ-loaded NGN-NLC was better as compared to the NGN suspension through the nasal mucosa. In conclusion, the TQ-enriched NGN-NLC was proved to be an efficient system for the brain delivery to abate depression [ 154 ].…”
Section: Lipid-based Nanocarrier Systems For Cns Deliverymentioning
Over the past few years, pharmaceutical and biomedical areas have made the most astounding accomplishments in the field of medicine, diagnostics and drug delivery. Nanotechnology-based tools have played a major role in this. The implementation of this multifaceted nanotechnology concept encourages the advancement of innovative strategies and materials for improving patient compliance. The plausible usage of nanotechnology in drug delivery prompts an extension of lipid-based nanocarriers with a special reference to barriers such as the skin and blood–brain barrier (BBB) that have been discussed in the given manuscript. The limited permeability of these two intriguing biological barriers restricts the penetration of active moieties through the skin and brain, resulting in futile outcomes in several related ailments. Lipid-based nanocarriers provide a possible solution to this problem by facilitating the penetration of drugs across these obstacles, which leads to improvements in their effectiveness. A special emphasis in this review is placed on the composition, mechanism of penetration and recent applications of these carriers. It also includes recent research and the latest findings in the form of patents and clinical trials in this field. The presented data demonstrate the capability of these carriers as potential drug delivery systems across the skin (referred to as topical, dermal and transdermal delivery) as well as to the brain, which can be exploited further for the development of safe and efficacious products.
“…Notably, only 3-5% of brain-directed pharmaceuticals have reached the market in recent years. 16 The greatest challenges in development of systemically-administered CNS drugs include low brain delivery due to insignificant BBB permeability, 17 increased BBB disruption due to the drug's pathway of entry into the brain, 18,19 and systemic toxicity due to poor drug selectivity. To overcome these challenges, several administration routes have been explored including intranasal and intracranial routes.…”
Brain diseases are the most devastating problem among the world's increasingly aging population, and the number of patients with neurological diseases is expected to increase in the future. Although methods for delivering drugs to the brain have advanced significantly, none of these approaches provide satisfactory results for the treatment of brain diseases. This remains a challenge due to the unique anatomy and physiology of the brain, including tight regulation and limited access of substances across the blood-brain barrier. Nanoparticles are considered an ideal drug delivery system to hard-to-reach organs such as the brain. The development of new drugs and new nanomaterial-based brain treatments has opened various opportunities for scientists to develop brain-specific delivery systems that could improve treatment outcomes for patients with brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke and brain tumors. In this review, we discuss noteworthy literature that examines recent developments in brain-targeted nanomedicines used in the treatment of neurological diseases.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
