“…A vast variety of proteins and signaling pathways that play key roles in cancer pathogenesis are reported to be modulated by TQ including inhibition of E2F-1 [ 67 ], eEF-2 K [ 21 ], microphthalmia‑associated transcription factor (MITF) [ 33 ], Rac1 [ 40 ], Notch1 [ 68 ], Src/FAK [ 21 , 31 , 69 – 71 ], PI3K/Akt/mTOR [ 21 , 31 , 34 , 36 , 48 , 72 , 73 ], TGF‑β/Smad2/3 [ 32 ], Wnt/β-catenin [ 33 , 42 ], tubulin α/β [ 74 ], NF-κB and p65 [ 21 , 22 , 31 ], TNF-α [ 75 ], anti-apoptotic proteins (IAP1/2, XIAP, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL Mcl-1, c-FLIP and survivin) [ 22 , 30 , 31 , 48 , 50 , 62 , 63 , 76 ], PD-L1 [ 45 , 64 ], HIF-1α [ 77 ], MUC4 [ 69 , 78 ], ENA-78 and Gro [ 79 ], androgen receptor [ 67 ], Plk1 [ 80 ], IRAK1 [ 81 ], proliferative proteins (cyclin A, cyclin B1, cyclin D1/2/3, cyclin E, CDK2/4, c-Myc, Ki-67, PCNA) [ 22 , 31 , 42 , 48 , 50 , 57 , 65 , 67 , 73 , 82 , 83 ], CXCR4 [ 84 , 85 ], Integrin-β1 [ 47 ], Beclin-1 and LC3 [ 47 ], COX-2 [ 22 , 84 ], HSP70 [ 58 ], u-PA [ 86 ], MMP-2/9 [ 22 , 39 , 70 ...…”