Thymoma and thymic carcinoma associated with multilocular thymic cyst: a clinicopathologic analysis of 18 cases

Jin, Yan; Shen, Lei; Sun, Yihua; Chen, Haiquan; Li, Yuan

doi:10.1186/s13000-018-0719-7

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Next, the reconstructed images are obtained from the projected data by back projection operation [23][24][25]. For the specific slices in one of the layers of the reconstructed object, the attenuation coefficients of the ray corresponding to all points on the loading surface can be reconstructed by projection values [26,27]. R 0 refers to the velocity before the ray passes through an object, R denotes the intensity after the ray passes through an object, and φ (x, y) represents the linear attenuation index of substance to ray at (x, y).…”

Section: Filtering Back Projection (Fbp) Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

[Retracted] Histological Classification and Invasion Prediction of Thymoma by Machine Learning‐Based Computed Tomography Imaging

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging

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Purpose. The values of machine learning-based computed tomography (CT) imaging in histological classification and invasion prediction of thymoma were investigated. Methods. 181 patients diagnosed with thymoma by surgery or biopsy in Shantou Central Hospital between February 2017 and March 2022 were selected. According to the concept of simplified histological classification and the latest histological classification by the WHO, thymoma was divided into two groups, including low-risk (types A, AB, B1, and metaplastic type) and high-risk groups (types B2 and B3). CT images were reconstructed by filtering back projection (FBP) algorithm. CT image features were collected for statistical analysis. Results. The main symptoms of patients diagnosed with thymoma included respiratory tract infection, chest distress and shortness of breath, and chest pain. 35.91% of them suffered from complicated myasthenia gravis. Tumor size and position in low-risk and high-risk groups showed no statistical significance ( P > 0.05 ). Tumor morphology and boundary between the two groups suggested statistical difference ( P < 0.05 ). Whether tumor invaded adjacent tissues was apparently correlated with simplified histological classification ( P < 0.01 ). The sensitivity and specificity of CT images for the invasion of mediastinal pleura or pericardium were around 90% and negative predictive values both reached above 95%. Those of the CT images for lung invasion were over 80%. The negative and positive predictive values were 93.54% and 63.82%, respectively. Those of the CT images for blood vessel invasion were 67.32% and 97.93%. The negative and positive predictive values were 98.21% and 83%, respectively. Conclusion. The machine learning-based CT image had significant values in the prediction of different histological classification and even invasion level.

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Section: Filtering Back Projection (Fbp) Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

[Retracted] Histological Classification and Invasion Prediction of Thymoma by Machine Learning‐Based Computed Tomography Imaging

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging

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“…On the other hand, in our case, it is probable that embolism which occurred in the thymus resulted in necrosis and chest pain. Shen et al argued that the formation of MTCs was closely related to inflammation and there might be a histological association between MTCs and thymic neoplasms according to the results of immunohistochemical staining [ 11 , 12 ]. Thus, it was possible that this embolism also caused inflammatory changes and MTCs occurred in the thymoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rare case of combined thymoma and a multilocular thymic cyst discovered due to chest pain

et al. 2021

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Background A thymoma with chest pain and multilocular thymic cysts (MTCs) is very rare. Case presentation A 49-year-old man presented to another hospital complaining of an anterior chest pain. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed an anterior mediastinal tumor 60 × 30 × 55 mm in size. The boundary with the pericardium or left brachiocephalic vein seemed to be partially unclear while enhanced by the contrast medium, and so the tumor could have invaded them. No definitive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis was made although the serum anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody count was high. We performed an extended thymectomy with combined partial resection of left brachiocephalic vein, left upper lobe, and left phrenic nerve. He was discharged with no chest pain and no complications post-surgery. The tumor was pathologically type B2 thymoma with hemorrhage necrosis and MTCs, and we diagnosed Masaoka stage II because of no histological infiltration to the organs. Conclusions We speculated that hemorrhagic necrosis due to infarction in tumor caused the inflammation to spread to the surrounding organs, which was related to the chest pain and the development of MTCs.

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“…In the present case, we highly suspected a malignant thymic epithelial tumor based on its growing nature ( 7 ) and high metabolic activity ( 2 ). Furthermore, we assumed that the growing nodule could be associated with the adjacent thymic cyst ( 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An association between the thymic cyst and thymic epithelial tumors has been reported ( 1 ). 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) has been widely used to differentiate benign from malignant lesions in thymic pathology ( 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growing thymic granuloma adjacent to a thymic cyst mimicking malignancy: a case report

Takeda¹,

Eguchi²,

Koike³

et al. 2020

Mediastinum

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An association between thymic cyst and thymic epithelial malignancy has been previously reported. However, several case studies have reported granulomas in the thymus with high metabolic activity, mimicking thymic malignancy. Additionally, an inflammatory response provoked by the rupture of cyst walls has been proposed as a pathogenesis of cholesterol granuloma in the thymus. However, the natural growth history of thymic granuloma remains unclear. We herein report the first case demonstrating the natural growth history of a thymic granuloma adjacent to a thymic cyst. Ten-year follow-up of the thymic cyst revealed a growing nodular lesion with high metabolic activity adjacent to the cyst. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) showed a maximum standardized uptake value of 12.1 in a 2.5-cm solid mass. We performed total thymectomy given a high suspicion of a malignant thymic epithelial tumor. Histopathologic examination revealed a cholesterol granuloma in the thymus, which was directly connected to the thickened region of the cystic wall through a rupture of the wall. This case highlights the importance of considering thymic granuloma as a differential diagnosis for a growing anterior mediastinal nodule with high metabolic activity. Further, the clinical course and histopathologic findings of this case provide supporting evidence for the proposed pathogenesis of thymic granuloma.

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Thymoma and thymic carcinoma associated with multilocular thymic cyst: a clinicopathologic analysis of 18 cases

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

[Retracted] Histological Classification and Invasion Prediction of Thymoma by Machine Learning‐Based Computed Tomography Imaging

[Retracted] Histological Classification and Invasion Prediction of Thymoma by Machine Learning‐Based Computed Tomography Imaging

A rare case of combined thymoma and a multilocular thymic cyst discovered due to chest pain

Growing thymic granuloma adjacent to a thymic cyst mimicking malignancy: a case report

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