Thymoma: An Overview

Alqaidy, Doaa

doi:10.3390/diagnostics13182982

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(169 reference statements)

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“…If a thymoma was composed of diverse (two or more) histologic subtypes (n=12), we selected the higher grade tumor subtype, irrespective of the extent of each subtype. According to previous reports ( 12 , 13 ), we classified thymoma into two groups: low-risk thymoma (type A, AB, and B1) and high-risk thymoma (type B2 and B3). Thymic carcinomas, which include thymic squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and sarcoma, exhibit a similar morphology to that of malignant neoplasms arising from other organs besides thymomas.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The combination of maximum standardized uptake value and clinical parameters for improving the accuracy in distinguishing primary mediastinal lymphomas from thymic epithelial tumors

Yan,

Wang,

Lei

et al. 2024

Quant Imaging Med Surg

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Background Anterior mediastinal masses are relatively uncommon, and mediastinal lymphomas are the malignancies most likely to be confused with thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the combination of 18 fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography ( 18 F-FDG PET-CT) findings and clinical parameters is useful in differentiating lymphoma from TETs in anterior mediastinal masses. Methods This retrospective study consecutively included 304 patients with anterior mediastinal masses (244 TETs and 60 lymphomas) who underwent 18 F-FDG PET-CT 1 to 2 weeks before tumor resection or biopsy between August 2016 and March 2022. The correlations between the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of tumors and clinical parameters of patients with histology subtypes were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to obtain the optimal cutoff values of age, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), tumor size, and SUVmax to predict lymphoma. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential predictive factors for lymphoma. Results Lymphoma was significantly associated with younger patient age, higher LDH level, larger tumor size, and higher SUVmax compared to TETs (P<0.001). In the modeling cohort, age ≤40.5 years, LDH level ≥197 U/L, tumor size ≥10.72 cm, and SUVmax ≥11.95 were identified as independent predictors for lymphoma with odds ratios of 20.14 [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.02–67.40; P<0.001], 4.89 (95% CI: 1.27–18.89; P=0.021), 8.82 (95% CI: 2.31–33.69; P=0.001), and 30.01 (95% CI: 6.59–136.72; P<0.001), respectively. The accuracy of age, LDH, tumor size, and SUVmax in predicting lymphoma was 84.8%, 67.8%, 85.2%, and 78.3% respectively. The combination of the four above parameters could improve the predictive accuracy to 89.1%, and in the validation cohort, this combination increased the predictive accuracy to 87.8%. Conclusions SUVmax on 18 F-FDG PET-CT has the potential ability to discriminate lymphomas from TETs in the diagnosis of anterior mediastinal masses, and the combination of SUVmax with clinical parameters can improve the diagnostic accuracy. This combination may therefore may be helpful in avoiding unnecessary operation in patients with anterior mediastinal lymphomas.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The combination of maximum standardized uptake value and clinical parameters for improving the accuracy in distinguishing primary mediastinal lymphomas from thymic epithelial tumors

Yan,

Wang,

Lei

et al. 2024

Quant Imaging Med Surg

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“…Thymoma is one of the most common solid tumors in the mediastinum ( 110 ). To date, there have been few studies on DAP3 and thymic carcinoma.…”

Section: Dap3 and Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Death-associated protein 3 in cancer—discrepant roles of DAP3 in tumours and molecular mechanisms

Song,

Liu,

Wang

et al. 2024

Front. Oncol.

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Cancer, ranks as the secondary cause of death, is a group of diseases that are characterized by uncontrolled tumor growth and distant metastasis, leading to increased mortality year-on-year. To date, targeted therapy to intercept the aberrant proliferation and invasion is crucial for clinical anticancer treatment, however, mutant expression of target genes often leads to drug resistance. Therefore, it is essential to identify more molecules that can be targeted to facilitate combined therapy. Previous studies showed that death associated protein 3 (DAP3) exerts a pivotal role in regulating apoptosis signaling of tumors, meanwhile, aberrant DAP3 expression is associated with the tumorigenesis and disease progression of various cancers. This review provides an overview of the molecule structure of DAP3 and the discrepant roles played by DAP3 in various types of tumors. Considering the molecular mechanism of DAP3-regulated cancer development, new potential treatment strategies might be developed in the future.

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“…One-third to one-half of thymoma patients exhibit no symptoms, while the remaining third show localized symptoms because of the tumor's encroachment on nearby structures. A third of cases are unintentionally discovered during radiographic exams done as part of a myasthenia gravis (MG) workup (6) . Favorable characteristics like younger age, thymoma histologic type, earlier stage, and higher rate of complete resection status are linked to paraneoplastic/autoimmune (PN/AI) syndromes (7) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of Thymic Epithelial Tumors a Single Center Experience

2024

The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine

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Background: Thymic epithelial tumors (TET) constitute the most common neoplasia in the anterior mediastinum, although they account for less than 1% of all neoplasms. Objective: This is a retrospective study conducted to analyze clinic-epidemiological characteristics, prognostic factors, treatment modality and survival outcomes of patients with thymic epithelial tumors. Patients and Methods: All patients diagnosed with Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) over a period of 10 years (from 2010 to 2019) were reviewed. A clinical sheet was designed for 34 cases, and all clinicopathological data were collected. Data analysis was performed using both the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards modeling. Results: seventy-six (76%) of patients presented with thymoma (N: 26) while only 8 patients had thymic carcinoma. By Masoaka staging system 35.3% of the patients were stage III. Myasthenia gravis presented in 11 patients (32.4%). Multiple treatment modalities were needed for 22 patients (64.7%) while single modality was used in 12 patients (35.3 %). Twenty-three of the patients (67.6%) underwent surgical resection. Twenty-nine (29%) of the patients received adjuvant RT. Conclusion:For patients with TETs, surgery is statistically significant for Overall survival (OAS) prognostic factors and the Masoaka staging system is the only statistically significant factor of the progression-free survival (PFS) prognostic factors.

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Thymoma: An Overview

Cited by 4 publications

References 69 publications

The combination of maximum standardized uptake value and clinical parameters for improving the accuracy in distinguishing primary mediastinal lymphomas from thymic epithelial tumors

The combination of maximum standardized uptake value and clinical parameters for improving the accuracy in distinguishing primary mediastinal lymphomas from thymic epithelial tumors

Death-associated protein 3 in cancer—discrepant roles of DAP3 in tumours and molecular mechanisms

Survival Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of Thymic Epithelial Tumors a Single Center Experience

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