Thymol ameliorates ammonium toxicity via repressing polyamine oxidase-derived hydrogen peroxide and modulating ammonium transporters in rice root

Guo, Kai; Guang-chi, AN; Wang, Ning; Pang, Bingdong; Shi, Zhiqi; Bai, Hongwu; Zhang, Li; Chen, Jian; Xu, Weimin

doi:10.1186/s43014-021-00053-1

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In the present study, we assessed the responses of two wheat cultivars, NH 4 + -sensitive Yangmai20 and NH 4 + -tolerant Xumai25, to NH 4 + stress to elucidate the mechanism of NH 4 + tolerance in wheat. Our results showed that NH 4 + stress had a significant adverse impact on the growth of wheat seedlings (Table 1, Figure 1), which is consistent with similar observations in other plant species (Chen et al, 2020;Guo et al, 2021;Tian et al, 2021). Notably, the NH 4 + -tolerant cultivar, Xumai25, exhibited a less reduction in root growth and an enhanced NH 4 + accumulation capacity than the NH 4 + -sensitive cultivar, Yangmai20, resulting in a superior overall growth of Xumai25 under NH 4 + stress.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Superior glucose metabolism supports NH4+ assimilation in wheat to improve ammonium tolerance

Hu,

Zheng,

Neuhäuser

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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The use of slow-release fertilizers and seed-fertilizers cause localized high-ammonium (NH4+) environments in agricultural fields, adversely affecting wheat growth and development and delaying its yield. Thus, it is important to investigate the physiological responses of wheat and its tolerance to NH4+ stress to improve the adaptation of wheat to high NH4+ environments. In this study, the physiological mechanisms of ammonium tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum) were investigated in depth by comparative analysis of two cultivars: NH4+-tolerant Xumai25 and NH4+-sensitive Yangmai20. Cultivation under hydroponic conditions with high NH4+ (5 mM NH4+, AN) and nitrate (5 mM NO3-, NN), as control, provided insights into the nuanced responses of both cultivars. Compared to Yangmai20, Xumai25 displayed a comparatively lesser sensitivity to NH4+ stress, as evident by a less pronounced reduction in dry plant biomass and a milder adverse impact on root morphology. Despite similarities in NH4+ efflux and the expression levels of TaAMT1.1 and TaAMT1.2 between the two cultivars, Xumai25 exhibited higher NH4+ influx, while maintaining a lower free NH4+ concentration in the roots. Furthermore, Xumai25 showed a more pronounced increase in the levels of free amino acids, including asparagine, glutamine, and aspartate, suggesting a superior NH4+ assimilation capacity under NH4+ stress compared to Yangmai20. Additionally, the enhanced transcriptional regulation of vacuolar glucose transporter and glucose metabolism under NH4+ stress in Xumai25 contributed to an enhanced carbon skeleton supply, particularly of 2-oxoglutarate and pyruvate. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the NH4+ tolerance of Xumai25 is intricately linked to enhanced glucose metabolism and optimized glucose transport, which contributes to the robust NH4+ assimilation capacity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Superior glucose metabolism supports NH4+ assimilation in wheat to improve ammonium tolerance

Hu,

Zheng,

Neuhäuser

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Our results align with these findings, demonstrating the consistency of NH4 + effects across studies. Additionally, other NH4 + salts, such as those examined by Guo et al [14], also contribute to the reduction in root length. Specifically, a 72-hour exposure to NH4Cl led to a notable dose-dependent decline in length of root in rice seedlings, further substantiating the patterns observed in our study.…”

Section: Root Lengthmentioning

confidence: 92%

Ammonium sulphate induces dose-dependent ammonium stress in rice seedlings

Maurya,

Chaudhary,

Priya

et al. 2024

BIO Web Conf.

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Plants require nitrogen (N) in various forms to facilitate essential physiological functions. Nitrate (NO3-) is one of the most readily absorbed N forms by plants and is preferred in well-aerated soils because it can be easily transported within the plant. Ammonium (NH4+), on the other hand, is utilized especially in waterlogged or acidic soils, where it is directly absorbed by the roots and incorporated into amino acids. Urea (CH4N2O) is another significant N source found in many fertilizers; it is transformed into NH4+ and nitrate in the soil through microbial processes. These diverse forms of N are crucial for supporting photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and energy production in plants. The escalating use of ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4) as a N source in agriculture prompts a thorough examination of its impact on crop health and productivity. This study aimed to investigate the NH4+ toxicity on rice (Oryza sativa) plants by administering various dosages (0 mM, 5 mM, 7 mM, 10 mM, 12 mM, and 15 mM) and assessing their effects on plant growth parameters, particularly root-shoot lengths, root-shoot fresh biomass along with dry weight. Our research utilized a controlled experimental setup to monitor the growth responses of rice plants to these NH4+ concentrations. Results indicated a clear threshold of tolerance, with adverse effects becoming significant at concentrations starting from 7 mM. At this concentration and higher, there was a noticeable decline in root-shoot lengths, root-shoot biomass and dry biomass, marking the onset of toxicity symptoms in rice plants. These findings suggest a critical need for regulated application of (NH4)2SO4 in rice cultivation to avoid detrimental effects on plant health and yield. The study underscores the importance of establishing safe usage guidelines for (NH4)2SO4 in agriculture, ensuring sustainable farming practices while maintaining crop productivity.

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“…As reported by Liu et al (2021) , NH 4 + -grown cotton treated with urea shows around 50% reduction in Arg content and 2.5-fold higher PA (Spd + Spm; to be published as a separate article) as compared to those without urea provision; and such measurements are consistent with the observations of a marked transcriptional upregulation of four genes (i.e., ADC1 , ADC2 , SPDS , and SPMS ) that are required for Arg decomposition and PA conversion ( Liu et al, 2021 ). Since the expression of three high-affinity NH 4 + -transporter homologs (i.e., AMT1.1/1.2/1.3 ) remains generally low with/without urea supply to the ammonium media ( Liu et al, 2021 ), an internal PA elevation level by urea supply in plants should not much affect or repress AMT1s system involved in NH 4 + -detoxification, unlike the observation of thymol-ameliorated NH 4 + -stress via suppressing PA oxidase-derived H 2 O 2 and modulating AMT1s in rice ( Guo et al, 2021 ). Comparably, in the animal system, an interrelation between urea-cycle activity and PA biosynthesis has been well characterized in controlling certain critical cell processes.…”

Section: Polyamine Acts As a Significant Physiological Component In T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyamine: A Potent Ameliorator for Plant Growth Response and Adaption to Abiotic Stresses Particularly the Ammonium Stress Antagonized by Urea

Sheng

Xiang

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Polyamine(s) (PA, PAs), a sort of N-containing and polycationic compound synthesized in almost all organisms, has been recently paid considerable attention due to its multifarious actions in the potent modulation of plant growth, development, and response to abiotic/biotic stresses. PAs in cells/tissues occur mainly in free or (non- or) conjugated forms by binding to various molecules including DNA/RNA, proteins, and (membrane-)phospholipids, thus regulating diverse molecular and cellular processes as shown mostly in animals. Although many studies have reported that an increase in internal PA may be beneficial to plant growth under abiotic conditions, leading to a suggestion of improving plant stress adaption by the elevation of endogenous PA via supply or molecular engineering of its biosynthesis, such achievements focus mainly on PA homeostasis/metabolism rather than PA-mediated molecular/cellular signaling cascades. In this study, to advance our understanding of PA biological actions important for plant stress acclimation, we gathered some significant research data to succinctly describe and discuss, in general, PA synthesis/catabolism, as well as PA as an internal ameliorator to regulate stress adaptions. Particularly, for the recently uncovered phenomenon of urea-antagonized NH4+-stress, from a molecular and physiological perspective, we rationally proposed the possibility of the existence of PA-facilitated signal transduction pathways in plant tolerance to NH4+-stress. This may be a more interesting issue for in-depth understanding of PA-involved growth acclimation to miscellaneous stresses in future studies.

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Thymol ameliorates ammonium toxicity via repressing polyamine oxidase-derived hydrogen peroxide and modulating ammonium transporters in rice root

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Superior glucose metabolism supports NH4+ assimilation in wheat to improve ammonium tolerance

Superior glucose metabolism supports NH4+ assimilation in wheat to improve ammonium tolerance

Ammonium sulphate induces dose-dependent ammonium stress in rice seedlings

Polyamine: A Potent Ameliorator for Plant Growth Response and Adaption to Abiotic Stresses Particularly the Ammonium Stress Antagonized by Urea

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