Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP), Its Isoforms and the Interplay with the Epithelium in Allergy and Asthma

Abstract

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has emerged as a critical player in the development and progression of allergy and asthma. It is primarily produced by epithelial cells and functions as a potent immune system activator. TSLP acts through interaction with its receptor complex, composed of the TSLP receptor (TSLPR) and interleukin-7 receptor alpha chain (IL-7Rα), activating downstream complex signalling pathways. The TSLP major isoform, known as long-form TSLP (lfTSLP), is upregulated in the airway epithelium of patients with allergic diseases. More research is warranted to explore the precise mechanisms by which short-form TSLP (sfTSLP) regulates immune responses. Understanding the dynamic interplay between TSLP and the dysfunctional epithelium provides insights into the mechanisms underlying allergy and asthma pathogenesis. Targeting TSLP represents an important therapeutic strategy, as it may upstream disrupt the inflammatory cascade and alleviate symptoms associated with allergic inflammation.

Exploring TSLP and IL-33 Serum Levels and Genetic Variants: Unveiling Their Limited Potential as Biomarkers for Mild Asthma in Children

“…They emphasized that the occurrence of asthma may be associated not with systemic TSLP secretion but with local secretion [8]. Similarly, Smolinska et al observed the impact of both TSLP genotype and expression in the nasal epithelium, rather than systemic TSLP, on the increased risk of asthma in children [32].…”