Thymic Parenchymal Hyperplasia

Suster, David; Ronen, Natali; Pierce, Douglas C.; Suster, Saul

doi:10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100207

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In our study, we found that a prominent thymus size and off-treatment status were often linked to restricted diffusion of the thymus, possibly due to rebound thymic hyperplasia. The restricted diffusion of the rebound thymic hyperplasia may be due to increased cellular density from an increased number of thymic epithelial cells and lymphoid germinal centers [29]. Furthermore, our study showed a correlation between a higher absolute lymphocyte count and restricted diffusion of the thymus, suggesting that thymic hyperplasia might manifest as an increase in peripheral blood lymphocytes [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging of the Thymus in Children with Non-Thymic Neoplasms

Hwang,

Park,

Yoo

et al. 2023

Diagnostics

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Purpose: To investigate the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) findings and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of the thymus in children under the age of 13 who have non-thymic neoplasms. Materials and Methods: From January 2021 to April 2023, a single-center retrospective study analyzed consecutive 191 thoracic MRI scans with DWI from 67 children (<13 years) with non-thymic neoplasms. The scans were categorized based on the presence of restricted diffusion on DWI. We analyzed the demographics, laboratory data, and MR findings of the thymus. Statistical differences were assessed using generalized estimating equations. Results: Forty-five percent (86/191) of the scans exhibited restricted diffusion in the thymus: multifocal (n = 65; 76%), focal (n = 19; 22%), and diffuse (n = 2; 2%) patterns. The restricted diffusion group demonstrated higher absolute lymphocyte counts, more prominent thymus sizes, and higher frequency of off-treatment status compared to the unrestricted diffusion group (p>0.05). The mean ADC value across all 191 scans was 1.80 × 10−3 mm2/s. No significant difference was observed in the ADC value related to restricted diffusion patterns, the MRI vendors, or the age at the time of the scan. Conclusions: Restricted diffusion was observed in 45% of the thymus in children with non-thymic neoplasms, with a mean ADC value of 1.80 × 10−3 mm2/s. Recognizing the DWI findings can prevent unnecessary invasive procedures, alleviating concerns for patients and families.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging of the Thymus in Children with Non-Thymic Neoplasms

Hwang,

Park,

Yoo

et al. 2023

Diagnostics

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“…True thymic hyperplasia (TTH, also termed thymic parenchymal hyperplasia) is characterized by diffuse thymic enlargement with normal histology and an organ weight exceeding the regular age-adjusted maximal weight. [7][8][9] It is rare in adults and typically found in newborns and children, where the weight of the enlarged organ can be far beyond 100 g. 10 Unlike thymic follicular hyperplasia (TFH), which is frequently linked to autoimmune diseases and exhibits an elevated presence of lymphoid follicles in the medulla and perivascular spaces, TTH can induce localized symptoms. 11 The aetiology is unknown, although secondary cases may occur in association with endocrine diseases such as acromegaly, hypopituitarism, Graves', and Addison's disease.…”

Section: T R U E T H Y M I C H Y P E R P L a S I Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Benign lesions of the mediastinum

Gerber,

Porubsky

2023

Histopathology

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Mediastinal tumours represent a heterogeneous group of entities derived from the manifold structures located in or adjacent to the mediastinum. Due to the occurrence of some of these tumours in characteristic mediastinal compartments, an anatomical subdivision of the mediastinum in the prevascular (anterior), visceral (middle), and paravertebral (posterior) is helpful for the differential diagnosis. Benign anterior mediastinal tumours linked to an enlargement of the thymic gland mainly consist of thymic cysts and several types of thymic hyperplasia: true thymic hyperplasia, rebound hyperplasia, lymphofollicular hyperplasia, and so‐called thymic hyperplasia with lymphoepithelial sialadenitis (LESA)‐like features. Mature teratomas, ectopic (para)thyroid tissue, and benign thymic tumours such as thymolipoma or thymofibrolipoma represent further typical tumours of the anterior mediastinum. Pericardial, bronchogenic, or oesophageal duplication cysts predominate in the middle mediastinum, whereas neurogenic tumours and myelolipomas are characteristic findings in the posterior compartment. Vascular tumours, lipomas, adenomatoid tumours, Castleman disease, or mediastinitis are further examples of less frequent tumours or tumorous lesions affecting the mediastinum. This review focuses on benign mediastinal lesions with an emphasis on benign tumours of the thymus. Besides histology, characteristic epidemiological and clinical aspects prerequisite for the correct diagnosis and patient management are discussed.

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Thymic Parenchymal Hyperplasia

Cited by 2 publications

References 34 publications

Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging of the Thymus in Children with Non-Thymic Neoplasms

Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging of the Thymus in Children with Non-Thymic Neoplasms

Benign lesions of the mediastinum

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