Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) polyphenols ameliorate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis of mice by mitigating intestinal barrier damage, regulating gut microbiota, and suppressing TLR4/NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammasome pathways

Abstract

Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is an important medicinal and edible homologous plant, and the composition and bioactivity of its polyphenol extracts have attracted widespread attention from researchers. In this study,...

Epigallocatechin Gallate Alleviates Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A-Induced Intestinal Barrier Damage by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Inhibiting the TLR4-NF-κB/MAPKs-NLRP3 Inflammatory Cascade

“…6,13,31 Previous studies have shown that certain natural polyphenol compounds (e.g., lychee pulp phenolics and thyme polyphenols) could alleviate the DSS-induced inflammatory response by inactivating the TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome, thereby protecting the intestinal barrier function. 23,32 In this study, SEA was found to upregulate TLR4-related proteins both in vivo and in vitro. It was speculated that SEA could activate TLR4 signal transduction directly or by stimulating LPS production in vivo, which might lead to the stronger toxicity of SEA on intestinal homeostasis, thus attracting widespread attention in the field of food safety.…”

“…Remarkably, intestinal barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation are often accompanied by inflammation. , Inflammatory reactions can also further aggravate intestinal barrier damage. , The activation of the pattern recognition receptor TLR4 (responsible for recognizing and binding to LPS) is closely related to intestinal barrier damage, inflammatory response, and even immune system dysfunction . The overactivation of the TLR4 pathway can further activate downstream inflammation-related signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, MAPKs, and NLRP3 inflammasome, which leads to the maturation and release of the proinflammatory cytokines (IL-18 and IL-1β) and plays a crucial role in the progression of inflammatory intestinal barrier injury. ,, Previous studies have shown that certain natural polyphenol compounds (e.g., lychee pulp phenolics and thyme polyphenols) could alleviate the DSS-induced inflammatory response by inactivating the TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome, thereby protecting the intestinal barrier function. , In this study, SEA was found to upregulate TLR4 - related proteins both in vivo and in vitro . It was speculated that SEA could activate TLR4 signal transduction directly or by stimulating LPS production in vivo , which might lead to the stronger toxicity of SEA on intestinal homeostasis, thus attracting widespread attention in the field of food safety.…”

Phenolics from Dendrobium officinale Leaf Ameliorate Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Chronic Colitis by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier

“…LPS produced by them as one of the most common endotoxins and directly activates TLR4, which further leads to the activation and release of NF-κB-related factors into the nucleus and activates the expression of target genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. 37 Another experimental colitis model study demonstrated that the prescription medications SASP work as NF-κB inhibitors to ameliorate UC. 22 According to our research, SASP or DOP may have anticolitic effects by partially inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB pathway.…”

“…In the body with an impaired colonic barrier, it is unable to block the invasion of harmful bacteria, including some Gram-negative bacteria. LPS produced by them as one of the most common endotoxins and directly activates TLR4, which further leads to the activation and release of NF-κB-related factors into the nucleus and activates the expression of target genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis . Another experimental colitis model study demonstrated that the prescription medications SASP work as NF-κB inhibitors to ameliorate UC .…”

Engineered plant extracellular vesicles for natural delivery across physiological barriers

“…nal microbiota, thereby preventing and treating IBD and related colon cancers. 113,114 Inhibition of colitis can also be achieved through different signaling pathways. Broccoliderived nanoparticles (BDN) activate adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in dendritic cells (DCs), 115 exosome-like nanoparticles from mulberry bark (MBELN) promote the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling pathway mediated by heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8 (HSPA8), 116 and turmeric-derived nanoparticles (TDNPs 2) mediate the inactivation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κβ) pathway.…”