Thunderstorm charge structures producing gigantic jets

Boggs, L.; Liu, Ningyu; Riousset, J. A.; Shi, Feng; Lazarus, S. M.; Splitt, M. E.; Rassoul, H. K.

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-36309-z

Cited by 23 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…After the occurrence of GJ (22:48 BJT), the ET fell below 15.6 km, and the thunderstorm decreased gradually. The cloud top reported by Boggs et al (2018) was 15 km, which is lower than the results of the present study. Cloud top brightness temperature of the GJ-producing thunderstorm (S2) at 23:00 BJT on 13 August.…”

Section: 1029/2019jd031538contrasting

confidence: 90%

Analysis of a Gigantic Jet in Southern China: Morphology, Meteorology, Storm Evolution, Lightning, and Narrow Bipolar Events

et al. 2020

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At about 22:43:30 BJT (Beijing Time = UTC + 8) on 13 August 2016, two amateur astronomers in Shikengkong, Guangdong province, and Jiahe County, Hunan province, respectively, fortuitously captured a gigantic jet (GJ) event simultaneously, and the GJ exact location could be triangulated. The parent thunderstorm was in a very humid environment (Precipitable Water [PWAT] in excess of 60 mm), featuring high convective available potential energy (CAPE of 2,428 J/kg). The GJ occurred in the region with the coldest cloud top brightness temperature of −64 °C, suggesting the GJ was associated with strong vertical development of the thunderstorm. The vertical cross sections of radar reflectivity also show that the GJ occurred near the thunderstorm strong convection region (overshooting top). The negative cloud‐to‐ground flashes dominated during the thunderstorm evolution. Three positive narrow bipolar events (NBEs) were detected within 30 s before and after the GJ. It indicates that the NBEs were occurred in the upper and middle layers of the thunderstorm (altitude of 11–13 km) with radar reflectivity of 30–35 dBZ.

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Section: 1029/2019jd031538contrasting

confidence: 90%

Analysis of a Gigantic Jet in Southern China: Morphology, Meteorology, Storm Evolution, Lightning, and Narrow Bipolar Events

et al. 2020

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“…6 A). GADD45A (growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein alpha) is involved in DNA repair and apoptosis processes 19 . CDKN1A (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A), also known as p21, is associated with DNA damage-linked cell cycle arrest 20 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabidiol enhances cytotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Kim

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Cannabidiol (CBD) has anti-tumorigenic activity. However, the anti-cancer effect of CBD on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unclear. The cytotoxicity of CBD on HNSCC was analyzed using cell survival and colony-forming assays in vitro. RNA-seq was used for determining the mechanism underlying CBD-induced cell death. Xenograft mouse models were used to determine CBD’s effects in vivo. CBD treatment significantly reduced migration/invasion and viability of HNSCC cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. HNSCC mouse xenograft models revealed anti-tumor effects of CBD. Furthermore, combinational treatment with CBD enhanced the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs. Apoptosis and autophagy processes were involved in CBD-induced cytotoxicity of HNSCCs. RNA-seq identified decreased expression of genes associated with DNA repair, cell division, and cell proliferation, which were involved in CBD-mediated cytotoxicity toward HNSCCs. We identified CBD as a new potential anti-cancer compound for single or combination therapy of HNSCC.

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“…Reliably detecting GJs from geostationary orbit could greatly increase our knowledge of how frequently they occur, where they occur, and what storm systems produce them. This will also allow comprehensive studies on the meteorological and electrical properties (Boggs et al, 2018;Lazarus et al, 2015;Meyer et al, 2013) of the parent storms.…”

Section: 1029/2019gl082278mentioning

confidence: 99%

First Observations of Gigantic Jets From Geostationary Orbit

Boggs

Liu

Peterson

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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Here we report the first observations of gigantic jets (GJs) by the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) on board the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite‐R series. Fourteen GJs produced by Tropical Storm Harvey on 19 August 2017 were observed by both GLM and a ground‐based low‐light‐level camera system. The majority of the GJs produced distinguishable signatures in the GLM data, which include long continuous emissions, large peak flash optical energies, and small lateral propagation distances in comparison with other flashes observed by GLM. For two GJs with the best ground‐based images, each have a single pixel that contains the largest optical energy throughout the duration of the GJ and also coincides with the azimuth of the GJ from the video images. The optical energy of the pixel increases as the GJ propagates upward, reaches its peak when the GJ connects to the ionosphere, and then fades away.

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Thunderstorm charge structures producing gigantic jets

Cited by 23 publications

References 55 publications

Analysis of a Gigantic Jet in Southern China: Morphology, Meteorology, Storm Evolution, Lightning, and Narrow Bipolar Events

Analysis of a Gigantic Jet in Southern China: Morphology, Meteorology, Storm Evolution, Lightning, and Narrow Bipolar Events

Cannabidiol enhances cytotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

First Observations of Gigantic Jets From Geostationary Orbit

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