Thulium channel waveguide laser in a monoclinic double tungstate with 70% slope efficiency

Dalfsen, K. van; Aravazhi, S.; Grivas, C.; García-Blanco, Sonia M.; Pollnau, Markus

doi:10.1364/ol.37.000887

Cited by 41 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The parameters of the active material [7,11,12] and the SA [22] used for the calculations are summarized in table 1. Here for the active layer, we used the spectroscopic Figure 5.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Graphene PQS Tm:KYW waveguide laser: (a) pulse duration Δτ (FWHM), (b) pulse energy E out , (c) pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and (d) peak power P peak versus the absorbed pump power: symbols-experimental data, curves-modelling. [7] τ( 3 F 4 ) 0.8 ms Quantum efficiency [12] η q 1.66 Refractive index [11] n AM 1.995 Length t AM 5.0 mm Graphene-SA Initial absorption α′ 2.3% Saturable absorption [22] α′ S 0.12% Saturation intensity [22] I sat 0.6 MW cm…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly for the waveguide geometry, the concept of 'mixed' active layer host, KGd x Y y Lu z W (x + y + z = 1), has been to provide (i) optimum refractive index contrast and (ii) optimum lattice-matching with respect to the undoped substrate, usually KYW, as well as (iii) to ensure high doping levels of active ions [9][10][11]. High optical quality and low propagation loss (<0.2 dB cm −1 ) few µm-thick films of Tm:KGd x Y y Lu z W have been grown on bulk KYW substrates and continuouswave (CW) [4,6,12] and passively Q-switched (PQS) [13] laser operation has been reported to date. 2+ :ZnSe has been used as a saturable absorber (SA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene Q-switched Tm:KY(WO₄)₂waveguide laser

et al. 2017

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We report on the first Tm 3+ -doped double tungstate waveguide laser passively Q-switched by a graphene saturable absorber using a 12.4 µm-thick 3 at.% Tm:KY 0.58 Gd 0.22 Lu 0.17 (WO 4 ) 2 epitaxial layer grown on a (0 1 0)-oriented pure KY(WO 4 ) 2 substrate. This laser generated 5.8 nJ/195 ns pulses at 1831.8 nm corresponding to a pulse repetition frequency of 1.13 MHz. These are the shortest pulses achieved in passively Q-switched Tm waveguide lasers. The laser slope efficiency was 9% and the Q-switching conversion efficiency reached 45%. Graphene is promising for the generation of ns pulses at ~2 µm in Tm 3+ -doped double tungstate waveguide lasers operating in the MHz-range.

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“…The parameters of the active material [7,11,12] and the SA [22] used for the calculations are summarized in table 1. Here for the active layer, we used the spectroscopic Figure 5.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene Q-switched Tm:KY(WO₄)₂waveguide laser

et al. 2017

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“…Near 2 µm wavelength, a YAG:Tm 3+ planar waveguide produced a slope efficiency of 68% [39]. In Tm 3+ -doped potassium double tungstates, optimization of dopant level has enabled channel waveguide lasers with slope efficiencies exceeding 70% [40] and recently ~80% [32]. A planar-waveguide YLF:Tm 3+ laser was demonstrated with 76% slope efficiency [41], and recently planar waveguide lasers in the visible spectral range have been achieved in the same host material by exploiting transitions in Pr 3+ [42].…”

Section: Gain In Rare-earth-ion-doped Dielectric Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare-Earth-Ion-Doped Channel Waveguide Lasers on Silicon

Pollnau

2015

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

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This paper reviews the recent developments in rareearth-ion-doped planar and channel waveguide lasers. Optical gain in rare-earth-ion-doped waveguides has been increased by two orders of magnitude to ~1000 dB/cm and waveguide lasers with extremely high slope efficiencies and output powers exceeding the Watt level have been demonstrated. Of particular interest in integrated optics is the recent integration of rareearth-ion-doped channel waveguide lasers in amorphous materials directly deposited on a silicon substrate. Remarkable performance with respect to slope efficiency, output power, and laser linewidth has been achieved.

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“…Output-coupling efficiencies up to 99% have been exploited [1,2], thereby diminishing the detrimental effect of rather high waveguide propagation losses on the laser slope efficiency. Utilizing gain from rare-earth ions, resonantly (in-band) pumped, highly efficient and high-power planar and channel waveguide lasers have been demonstrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the efficiency of Tm-doped 2μm lasers

et al. 2015

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A potassium double tungstate layer with the composition KY 0.40 Gd 0.29 Lu 0.23 Tm 0.08 (WO 4 ) 2 was grown onto a pure KY(WO 4 ) 2 substrate by liquid-phase epitaxy, microstructured by standard lithography and Ar-ion etching, and overgrown by a pure KY(WO 4 ) 2 layer. The end-facets were polished. Laser experiments were performed on these buried, ridge-type channel waveguides in a resonator with one butt-coupled mirror and Fresnel reflection from the other endfacet, resulting in a high output-coupling degree of 89%, compared to intrinsic round-trip losses of only 2%. By pumping with a Ti:Sapphire laser at 794 nm, 1.6 W of output power at 1.84 μm with a maximum slope efficiency of ~80% was obtained. To the best of our knowledge, this result represents the most efficient 2-μm channel waveguide laser to date. We determined the optimum Tm 3+ concentration in double tungstate channel waveguides to be at least 8at.% for efficient lasing. The theoretical limit of the slope efficiency depends on the Stokes efficiency which here is 43.2%, the outcoupling efficiency which here is 99%, and the pump quantum efficiency. The pump quantum efficiency of a 2-µm Tm 3+ laser pumped around 800 nm hinges on the efficiency of its cross-relaxation process. By fitting the macroscopic cross-relaxation parameter which linearly depends on the Tm 3+ concentration to concentration-dependent luminescencedecay data, calculating the overall decay rate of the pump level, and deriving the concentration-dependent pump quantum efficiency, we obtain a theoretical limit for the slope efficiency of 83% for the chosen Tm 3+ concentration. The experimental slope efficiency of ~80% closely approaches this limit.

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Thulium channel waveguide laser in a monoclinic double tungstate with 70% slope efficiency

Cited by 41 publications

References 10 publications

Graphene Q-switched Tm:KY(WO₄)₂waveguide laser

Graphene Q-switched Tm:KY(WO₄)₂waveguide laser

Rare-Earth-Ion-Doped Channel Waveguide Lasers on Silicon

On the efficiency of Tm-doped 2μm lasers

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Thulium channel waveguide laser in a monoclinic double tungstate with 70% slope efficiency

Cited by 41 publications

References 10 publications

Graphene Q-switched Tm:KY(WO4)2waveguide laser

Graphene Q-switched Tm:KY(WO4)2waveguide laser

Rare-Earth-Ion-Doped Channel Waveguide Lasers on Silicon

On the efficiency of Tm-doped 2μm lasers

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Graphene Q-switched Tm:KY(WO₄)₂waveguide laser

Graphene Q-switched Tm:KY(WO₄)₂waveguide laser