Through-the-thickness mechanical properties of smart quasi-isotropic carbon/epoxy laminates

Zhou, Gang; Sim, L M; Brewster, P.A.; Giles, Adam

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.01.018

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Both sensors were perpendicular to the reinforcing fibers, so a resin-rich region and misalignment of reinforcing fibers were found. 38 However, the cross-sections were almost identical, further confirming the validity of the proposed through-thickness embedding procedure. It should be emphasized that the resin-rich region and the fiber misalignment are limited to the vicinity of the sensor and that the effect on the strain measurement is small, as will be demonstrated in the following section by comparing the fiber-optic-based approach with a standard dilatometric technique.…”

Section: Establishing a Through-thickness Sensor Technique Fbg Sensorsupporting

confidence: 70%

In situ characterization of direction-dependent cure-induced shrinkage in thermoset composite laminates with fiber-optic sensors embedded in through-thickness and in-plane directions

Minakuchi

2014

Journal of Composite Materials

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This study develops a fiber-optic-based technique for in situ characterization of direction-dependent cure-induced shrinkage in thermoset fiber-reinforced composites. A procedure is established to embed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors in composite out-of-plane directions and to measure key through-thickness chemical cure shrinkage directly under practical curing conditions. First, sensitivity of the proposed method is evaluated through comparison with a standard technique (i.e. thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA)), and the effect of sensor tail length on measurement sensitivity is discussed considering shear-lag effect. Next, combined with double-sided vacuum bagging and demolding during curing, FBG sensors embedded in through-thickness and in-plane directions clarify direction-dependent cure-induced shrinkage in autoclaved unidirectional carbon/epoxy. Finally, the feasibility of characterizing through-thickness shear strain, which is important in complex-shaped parts but cannot be measured using conventional techniques, is confirmed. The developed technique will be a powerful tool for evaluating cure shrinkage in complex-shaped parts and for validating process-simulation tools based on internal strain.

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Section: Establishing a Through-thickness Sensor Technique Fbg Sensorsupporting

confidence: 70%

In situ characterization of direction-dependent cure-induced shrinkage in thermoset composite laminates with fiber-optic sensors embedded in through-thickness and in-plane directions

Minakuchi

2014

Journal of Composite Materials

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“…Jensen and colleagues (1992a,b) are among the pioneers to study the influence upon host composite performance following embedment of FOS with regard to orientation and numbers of FOS. Subsequent researchers concluded that the degradation of material strength and modulus is significantly affected by the optical fibre diameter, the FOS orientation relative to nearest plies and the FOS materials (Friebele et al 1999;Zhou et al 2004;Fernando & Degamber 2006). Apart from modifying the diameter and constituent materials of FOS in order to reduce their influence on resulting performance, it is the resin-rich pocket caused by off-axis FOS embedment that draws the attention of most researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and analysis of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composite laminates with embedded circular vasculature

Huang

Trask

Bond

2010

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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A study of the influence of embedded circular hollow vascules on structural performance of a fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite laminate is presented. Incorporating such vascules will lead to multi-functional composites by bestowing functions such as self-healing and active thermal management. However, the presence of off-axis vascules leads to localized disruption to the fibre architecture, i.e. resin-rich pockets, which are regarded as internal defects and may cause stress concentrations within the structure. Engineering approaches for creating these simple vascule geometries in conventional FRP laminates are proposed and demonstrated. This study includes development of a manufacturing method for forming vascules, microscopic characterization of their effect on the laminate, finite element (FE) analysis of crack initiation and failure under load, and validation of the FE results via mechanical testing observed using high-speed photography. The failure behaviour predicted by FE modelling is in good agreement with experimental results. The reduction in compressive strength owing to the embedding of circular vascules ranges from 13 to 70 per cent, which correlates with vascule dimension.

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“…Sepiani and Ghazavi presented a thermo-micro-mechanical model for studying elastic behavior of woven plain composites embedded with SMA fibers [28]. Zhou et al [29] Investigated through-the-thickness mechanical properties of smart quasi-isotropic carbon/epoxy laminates and Dano et al [30] developed a theory and designed experiments to study the concept of using shape memory alloy wires to effect the snap-through of unsymmetric composite laminates. Ghomshei et al [31,32] presented a mathematical model for analysis of a thermally driven shape memory alloy/elastomer actuator under arbitrary loading and boundary conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to their structural advantages of high stiffness-to-weight and strength-to-weight ratios, composite materials can be used in the design of smart structures and hence significantly improve the performance of aircraft and space structures. In recent years, some researchers have studied shape memory alloy composites (SMACs), which consist of SMA reinforcement and a metal or polymer matrix [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. In particular, considerable attention has been paid to development of several analytical and numerical models for the laminated composite structures with integrated SMA sensors and actuators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mathematical model for smart functionally graded beam integrated with shape memory alloy actuators

2009

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This paper presents a theoretical study of the thermally driven behavior of a shape memory alloy (SMA)/FGM actuator under arbitrary loading and boundary conditions by developing an integrated mathematical model. The model studied is established on the geometric parameters of the three-dimensional laminated composite box beam as an actuator that consists of a functionally graded core integrated with SMA actuator layers with a uniform rectangular cross section. The constitutive equation and linear phase transformation kinetics relations of SMA layers based on Tanaka and Nagaki model are coupled with the governing equation of the actuator to predict the stress history and to model the thermo-mechanical behavior of the smart shape memory alloy/FGM beam. Based on the classical laminated beam theory, the explicit solution to the structural response of the structure, including axial and lateral deflections of the structure, is investigated. As an example, a cantilever box beam subjected to a transverse concentrated load is solved numerically. It is found that the changes in the actuator's responses during the phase transformation due to the strain recovery are significant.

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Through-the-thickness mechanical properties of smart quasi-isotropic carbon/epoxy laminates

Cited by 24 publications

References 13 publications

In situ characterization of direction-dependent cure-induced shrinkage in thermoset composite laminates with fiber-optic sensors embedded in through-thickness and in-plane directions

In situ characterization of direction-dependent cure-induced shrinkage in thermoset composite laminates with fiber-optic sensors embedded in through-thickness and in-plane directions

Characterization and analysis of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composite laminates with embedded circular vasculature

A mathematical model for smart functionally graded beam integrated with shape memory alloy actuators

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