Thromboxanes: a new group of biologically active compounds derived from prostaglandin endoperoxides.

Hámberg, Mats; Svensson, Jan; Samuelsson, Bengt

doi:10.1073/pnas.72.8.2994

Cited by 2,555 publications

(771 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…116 ± 123 Aggregation of platelets by these agonists is mediated, in part, through the intracellular synthesis of PGG 2 and TXA 2 . 124 Platelet aggregation is inhibited by several autacoids including prostanoids, such as prostacyclin (PGI 2 ) and PGE 1 or PGD 2 , 125 blood coagulation factor Xa 126 and endothelium derived relaxing factor/nitric oxide. 127 Among the prostanoids PGI 2 is the most potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and is generally believed to play a key role in the prevention of CHD.…”

Section: Platelets As Sources Of Active Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for atherogenesis and cardiovascular autonomic function in persons with spinal cord injury

et al. 1999

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Persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) have been recognized to have several metabolic changes that adversely impact their risk for cardiovascular disease. An increased prevalence of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and dyslipidemia may be related predominantly to paralysis with immobilization and associated loss of lean body tissue and gain in relative adiposity. Studies have reported an increased risk of vascular disease in those with SCI. As such, an understanding of the constellation of carbohydrate and lipid changes that occur after SCI is relevant to the clinical practice of medicine in this population. Oral glucose tolerance testing and associated studiesImpaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus are more prevalent in individuals with SCI than in those who are able-bodied. 1 ± 4 In most of the individuals with SCI and abnormal carbohydrate tolerance, resistance to insulin mediation of glucose uptake by peripheral tissues may be demonstrable. In the presence of insulin resistance, the normal homeostatic response to glucose challenge is increased pancreatic b-cell secretion of insulin. If the compensatory response of the pancreas is insu cient to control the serum glucose concentration, worsening of carbohydrate tolerance will ensue.Bauman et al 3 performed a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test in 100 male veterans with SCI and in 50 able-bodied veteran controls. According to criteria established by the World Health Organization, 5 22% of those with SCI were diabetic whereas only 6% of the control group were diabetic. Eighty-two per cent of the controls had normal oral glucose tolerance, compared with 38% of those with quadriplegia and 50% of those with paraplegia. Subjects with SCI had signi®cantly higher mean plasma glucose and insulin values at several points during the oral glucose tolerance test when compared with controls ( Figure 1). In subgroups, determinants of insulin sensitivity were measured: per cent lean body mass, per cent fat mass, and cardiopulmonary ®tness. Values for insulin sensitivity were linearly related with those of ®tness (VO 2 max) determined from a progressive incremental upper-body exercise stress test. Insulin sensitivity was suggestively correlated with lean body mass, and negatively correlated with body fat. Thus, in a relatively small subgroup of untrained subjects with paraplegia, the strongest determinant of insulin sensitivity was cardiopulmonary ®tness.In 201 non-veteran subjects with SCI, Bauman et al 2 studied the relationship of oral carbohydrate tolerance after a 75 g glucose load to several variables, including level and completeness of lesion, gender, ethnicity, age, duration of injury, and anthropometric measures. Of the total group, 27 (13%) had diabetes mellitus and 56 (29%) had impaired glucose tolerance. 2,6 The subjects with complete tetraplegia had sign®cantly worse carbohydrate tolerance (Figure 2) and were more frequently classi®ed with a disorder of carbohydrate tolerance than the other neurological de®cit subgroups. 2 There were no signi®cant gend...

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Section: Platelets As Sources Of Active Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for atherogenesis and cardiovascular autonomic function in persons with spinal cord injury

et al. 1999

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“…TXA 2 was first described by Hamberg et al, in 1975 as an unstable platelet-aggregating factor with a novel bicyclic oxane ring and with a half-life of 30 s [8]. Within the vascular system, it is a potent stimulator of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction; on the other hand, PGI 2 inhibits platelet aggregation and causes vasodilation [1,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thromboxane A2 Signalling in Humans: a ‘Tail’ of Two Receptors

Kinsella

2001

Biochem. Soc. Trans

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“…Tissue specimens of the colon from animals with experimental colitis were incubated with U-46619, thromboxane B 2 (TXB 2 ), or LTB 4 , and NE release was examined. TXA 2 is unstable and is known to be rapidly hydrolyzed to TXB 2 , a stable and inactive metabolite (20). Therefore, U-46619, a synthetic TP receptor (TXA 2 receptor) agonist, was used to investigate the role of TXA 2 in NE release (21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thromboxane A2 Up-Regulates Neutrophil Elastase Release in Syrian Hamsters With Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid-Induced Colitis

2005

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Abstract. Neutrophil elastase (NE) is a factor that aggravates colitis. We investigated the influence of thromboxane A 2 (TXA 2 ) and leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ) on NE release in Syrian hamsters with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis. Colonic specimens with colitis were incubated with U-46619 (a TXA 2 analogue) or LTB 4 in vitro and NE release was examined. As a result, U-46619 increased NE release, while LTB 4 had no effect. The NE release induced by U-46619 was inhibited by a TP-receptor antagonist. To demonstrate that TXA 2 caused NE release in vivo as well, while LTB 4 did not, colitis animals were treated with nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase / lipoxygenase; and colonic luminal TXB(A) 2 and LTB 4 levels and NE activity were determined. The TXB(A) 2 level was significantly correlated with NE activity, while no correlation was found between LTB 4 and NE activity. An inhibitory effect of NDGA on the ulcer area was also observed, and NE activity was significantly correlated with the ulcer area. The suppression of TXA 2 production by NDGA may result in the inhibition of NE release so that colonic tissue damage becomes less severe. Regulation of NE release is a new biological action of TXA 2 that has not been reported before.

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Thromboxanes: a new group of biologically active compounds derived from prostaglandin endoperoxides.

Cited by 2,555 publications

References 8 publications

Risk factors for atherogenesis and cardiovascular autonomic function in persons with spinal cord injury

Risk factors for atherogenesis and cardiovascular autonomic function in persons with spinal cord injury

Thromboxane A2 Signalling in Humans: a ‘Tail’ of Two Receptors

Thromboxane A2 Up-Regulates Neutrophil Elastase Release in Syrian Hamsters With Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid-Induced Colitis

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