Thrombotic complications associated with atrial fibrillation in three dogs

Usechak, Paul J.; Bright, Janice M.; Day, Thomas K.

doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2012.04.003

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Thromboembolic complications associated with canine atrial fibrillation have previously been reported, although not in association with stroke (Usechak et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Preliminary investigation of serum cardiac troponin I in dogs with acute ischaemic stroke

Gonçalves

Sánchez‐Masián

Maddox

et al. 2019

J of Small Animal Practice

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Objectives: To describe the incidence of elevated serum cardiac troponin I in dogs with acute ischaemic strokes, to evaluate its prognostic value in these patients and characterise a possible relationship between cardiac troponin I elevation in dogs with ischaemic strokes and underlying cardiac dysfunction.Materials and MethOds: Prospective study of 18 dogs with acute ischaemic stroke diagnosed by MRI of the brain. Serum cardiac troponin I concentration, trans-thoracic echocardiography and six-lead electrocardiography were performed and findings were compared between dogs with good and poor outcome.results: Serum cardiac troponin I was increased in 17 dogs (median 0.95 ng/mL; range 0.146 to 153).Focal hyperechoic regions of myocardium were visible in two dogs using trans-thoracic echocardiography and presumed to represent acute infarcts. A significant association was found between cardiac troponin I and creatinine concentrations. No difference in cardiac troponin I concentrations was detected between dogs that experienced good and poor outcomes. Clinically important cardiac dysfunction was identified in two dogs.clinical significance: Cardiac troponin I is commonly elevated in patients diagnosed with acute ischaemic stroke but, in this small study population, did not have prognostic value. Larger studies (recruiting a study population of 98 dogs for a power of 0.8 and a 0.05 alpha/critical value) would aid in further investigation of these preliminary results.

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“…Thromboembolic complications associated with canine atrial fibrillation have previously been reported, although not in association with stroke (Usechak et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Preliminary investigation of serum cardiac troponin I in dogs with acute ischaemic stroke

Gonçalves

Sánchez‐Masián

Maddox

et al. 2019

J of Small Animal Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…According to the Virchow's triad, this may be the starting point for a thrombus formation. Enlargement of the left atrium and congestion within mitral valve insufficiency enhance the tendency for hypercoagulability [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…left ventricular dysfunction are discussed as risk factors for the development of intracardiac thrombi [ 1 , 5 ]. Dogs with a variety of heart conditions that are accompanied by an enlarged left atrium, systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle, or cardiac arrhythmia (e.g., atrial fibrillation) are at higher risk for developing a thrombus and a resulting arterial thromboembolism [ 6 ]. In addition to that, another study reports the increased tendency for hypercoagulability during congestion within mitral valve insufficiency [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A case study reporting atrial fibrillation in three dogs of different breeds found a thrombus in the left auricula in two of the dogs using echocardiography. The third dog was diagnosed with a thrombus located in the terminal branching of the abdominal aorta which led to occlusion of the left external iliac artery [ 6 ]. In a study by Murray et al [ 10 ], three dogs got a pacemaker implantation because of an idiopathic third-degree atrioventricular block.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Rare Occurrence of a Left Atrial Thrombus in a Dog

Otto¹,

Hopfner²

2020

Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine

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Intracardiac thrombi are rare in dogs. If they occur, they are mostly seen in the right atrium while only two case reports describing a mural left atrial thrombus in dogs are available. This case report describes a 14-year-old mixed-breed bitch that was presented at the clinic because of dyspnoea. The dog suffered from alopecia for about three years and displayed polyuria and polydipsia for a number of months. Clinical examination revealed intensified inspiratory and expiratory respiratory sounds and various heart sounds. Chest X-ray showed cardiomegaly (VHS 11) and a mixed bronchoalveolar lung pattern of the caudal lung. A transthoracic echocardiography was performed and showed a moderate mitral regurgitation, a highly dilated left atrium, a low-grade pulmonary insufficiency, and a minimal aortic and tricuspid insufficiency. Additionally, a free-floating ball thrombus was found in the left atrium. Hyperadrenocorticism was indicated by an ACTH stimulation test. The previous medical therapy of the referring veterinarian consisted of benazepril and furosemide and was complemented by clopidogrel. The pet owners declined any further clinical diagnostics and therapy. The dog died 19 days later. This is the first reported case of a dog with a free-floating left atrial thrombus. Specific therapeutic strategies for intracardiac thrombi in the dog are currently not available, and therefore, every patient should be treated individually.

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“…Even if AF continues for a short time period, the risk of thrombus formation should be considered at all times. However, human and veterinary medicine have not yet revealed at which time do the blood coagulability change in the atrial or peripheral regions after triggered AF [4, 11, 20, 29, 31, 36, 37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between blood coagulability in the intra-atrial and peripheral regions during the acute phase after rapid atrial pacing

et al. 2019

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The changes in intra-atrial blood coagulability of acute phase after development of atrial fibrillation (AF) have not been elucidated in human. In the present study, blood coagulability were examined in the intra-atrial and peripheral regions during the acute phase after development of rapid atrial pacing (RAP) in experimentally created model dog similar to AF, using Total Thrombus-formation Analysis System (T-TAS) that is capable of comprehensively evaluating thrombogenicity in the bloodstream in the microvascular channel. According to the results, both the coagulating function-evaluating time to +10 kPa (T 10 ) and occlusion time (OT) of the AR chip (chip for thrombus analysis mixed with coagulation and platelet) were significantly shortened in the atrial blood as early as 30 min after pacing (T 10 , 150.5 ± 40.5 s; OT, 212.4 ± 44.3 s) compared to the pre-pacing levels (T 10 , 194.5 ± 47.5 s; OT, 259.9 ± 49.5 s) ( P <0.05). The OT of PL chip (chip for platelet thrombus analysis) was significantly shortened 30 min after pacing (231.8 ± 57.6 s), compared to the pre-pacing level (289.5 ± 96.0 s) ( P <0.05). Meanwhile, none of T 10 and OT of AR and PL chips showed any significant changes in the peripheral blood. The study demonstrated increase of blood coagulability 30 min after development of RAP. While no significant changes were observed in the peripheral blood in the present study, the outcome suggested that the anti-thrombus treatments are better to be started early after AF even if coagulability of the peripheral blood shows no change.

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Thrombotic complications associated with atrial fibrillation in three dogs

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Preliminary investigation of serum cardiac troponin I in dogs with acute ischaemic stroke

Preliminary investigation of serum cardiac troponin I in dogs with acute ischaemic stroke

The Rare Occurrence of a Left Atrial Thrombus in a Dog

Comparison between blood coagulability in the intra-atrial and peripheral regions during the acute phase after rapid atrial pacing

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