Thrombosis: A Major Contributor to Global Disease Burden

Abstract

Thrombosis is a common pathology underlying ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, and venous thromboembolism (VTE). The Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD 2010) documented that ischemic heart disease and stroke collectively caused one in four deaths worldwide. GBD 2010 did not report data for VTE as a cause of death and disability. We performed a systematic review of the literature on the global disease burden due to VTE in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Studies from Western Europe, North America, Australia, and Southern Latin America (Argentina) yielded consistent results with annual incidences ranging from 0.75 to 2.69 per 1,000 individuals in the population. The incidence increased to between 2 and 7 per 1,000 among those 70 years of age or more. Although the incidence is lower in individuals of Chinese and Korean ethnicity, their disease burden is not low because of population aging. VTE associated with hospitalization was the leading cause of disability-adjusted-life-years (DALYs) lost in low- and middle-income countries, and second in high-income countries, responsible for more DALYs lost than nosocomial pneumonia, catheter-related blood stream infections, and adverse drug events. VTE causes a major burden of disease across low-, middle-, and high-income countries. More detailed data on the global burden of VTE should be obtained to inform policy and resource allocation in health systems, and to evaluate if improved utilization of preventive measures will reduce the burden.

Deciphering Conformational Changes Associated with the Maturation of Thrombin Anion Binding Exosite I

“…51 Novel oral anticoagulants 52, 53 that target the active sites of FXa and thrombin 54 have shown much medical promise but reversing their therapeutic activities during heavy bleeding scenarios can be challenging. 55, 56 Drug candidates 27, 28, 57 that target thrombin exosite ABE I are an alternative strategy.…”

CD163 macrophage and erythrocyte contents in aspirated deep vein thrombus are associated with the time after onset: a pilot study

“…The annual incidence of venous thromboembolism ranges from 0.75 to 2.69 per 1000 individuals in Western Europe, North America, Australia, and Argentina. This incidence has recently increased to between 2 and 7 per 1000 among those aged 70 years or older [1]. In a series of 140 cases of fatal pulmonary embolisms, the emboli originated in the iliac veins (4.5%), femoral veins (20.7%), and deep crural veins (74.8%) [2].…”

Risk stratification of elderly patients with acute pulmonary embolism

“…1 The incidence of VTE increases with higher age and hospital-associated VTE is an important cause of disability-adjusted life years lost, especially in low-and middle-income countries. 1 The incidence of VTE increases with higher age and hospital-associated VTE is an important cause of disability-adjusted life years lost, especially in low-and middle-income countries.…”

“…Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality. 1 The incidence of VTE increases with higher age and hospital-associated VTE is an important cause of disability-adjusted life years lost, especially in low-and middle-income countries. 1,2 Within the spectrum of VTE, pulmonary embolism (PE) constitutes a potentially life-threatening condition: The shortterm mortality of PE ranges from less than 2% in low-risk patients to more than 95% in patients with cardiac arrest following PE.…”