Thrombophlebitis-Demonstration by Scintiscanninq

Webber, Milo M.; Bennett, Leslie R.; Cragin, Michael D.; Webb, Roscoe C.

doi:10.1148/92.3.620

Cited by 41 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…One could envisage a mucosal abnormality resulting from recurrent infection with its subsequent fibrotic changes. This is, in part, supported by the recent work of Weber et al (1969) showing increased regional 13 1-MAA collections in the lumen of blood vessels containing fibrin deposition secondary to intimal injury. On the other hand, a neurologically dysfunctional bladder with an abnormal voiding profile could develop increased mucosal folds and diverticula which would afford areas for particle trapping.…”

Section: Discuss 10nsupporting

confidence: 62%

THE URINARY PARTICLE SCAN: A TRACER TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINATION OF BLADDER BACTERIAL RESIDUAL¹

Lipshultz

Sanders

Corriere

et al. 1972

British Journal of Urology

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THL normal urinary bladder is able to resist infection despite repeated contamination by viable bacteria. Two mechanisms seem to be responsible: the inherent resistance factors of the bladder wall and urine medium (Norden et al., 1968) and the actual reduction in the number of bacteria by the mechanical act of voiding. The efficiency of the second mechanism depends on the frequency of voiding and the completeness of emptying following a single void. Studies to date have only involved indirect measurements, calculating the remaining bacteria after voiding by subtracting the number of organisms eliminated from a known inoculum, and have assumed uniform suspension of the bacteria in the urine (Cox and Hinman, 1961).Previous investigations in our laboratory have shown that radioactive sulphur colloid particles behave like bacteria when introduced into the urinary tract (Corriere et al., 1968 and that their movement can be studied with external radionuclide scanning. We have nou used this technique to directly evaluate the effectiveness of repetitive, equal-interval voiding in reducing bacterial contamination of the human bladder and propose its use as an adjuvant diagnostic aid for the patient with recurring urinary tract infections.Materials and Methods. --Sulphur colloid particles were prepared and tagged with 99 m. technetium, a gamma-emitting isotope, according to the modified method of Larson and Nelp (1966). These particles are approximately bacterial size (2-5 microns) and remain stable over a pH range of 2-8. Efficiency of tagging and uniformity of particle size was confirmed with microscopic inspection using a standard red cell chamber and Packard chromatogram scanner.Fifteen patients were initially classified into three groups according to their clinical history and routine diagnostic procedures (urine analysis and culture, excretory urogram, voiding cysto-urethrogram and cystoscopy). These groups, as seen in Table I , were (1) dejinitely nornzal: patients with sterile urine, no significant residual urine after voiding and no symptoms of vesical dysfunction ; (2) definitely abnormal: patients with large residual urine on the urogram, cystouret hrogram and in the post-catheterisation specimen, symptoms of bladder dysfunction and infected urine; (3) " uncertain " clinical diagnosis: patients with symptoms of recurring cystitis with frequently positive urine cultures but without other positive diagnostic findings. All of these patients emptied their bladders completely of urine with a single void. They were all asymptomatic and uninfected at the time of study.The radioactive particles (0.5 to 1.0 mCi) were introduced in a sterile manner into the urinary bladders of the patients with a urethral catheter and followed with 100-150 C.C. of sterile saline. The patients were well hydrated before the study and not restricted or medicated in any \yay. They were then scanned on a modified dual probe rectilinear scanner, and the data recorded on perforated paper tape. Radionuclide distribution (Fig. 1) was quantified by...

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Section: Discuss 10nsupporting

confidence: 62%

THE URINARY PARTICLE SCAN: A TRACER TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINATION OF BLADDER BACTERIAL RESIDUAL¹

Lipshultz

Sanders

Corriere

et al. 1972

British Journal of Urology

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“…The test result was falsely abnormal in 93 of the 706 patients without proximal-vein thrombosis, for a specificity of 87%. Conse- Other Methods An array of various methods including strain gauge plethysmography [82,93], liquid crystal (contact) thermography [94][95][96][97][98], light reflection rheography [99], computed tomog raphy scanning, and magnetic resonance scanning [100][101][102][103], radionuclide venography [104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123], as well as numerous blood tests (including measurements of fibrinopeptide A [124,125], fibrin(ogen) degradation products (FDP) [126,127], degradation products of cross-linked fibrin (Z)-dimer) [128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137], pro thrombin fragments 1+2 (F I+2) and thro...…”

Section: Doppler Ultrasonographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Objective Tests for the Diagnosis of Clinically Suspected Deep-Vein Thrombosis

Cogo

Lensing²,

Wells³

et al. 1995

Pathophysiol Haemos Thromb

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Deep-vein thrombosis of the lower extremity is a frequent disorder associated with morbidity and mortality due to pulmonary embolism and the postthrombotic syndrome. It was not until the introduction of contrast venography that the inaccuracy of the clinical diagnosis became apparent. Since then, management decisions have usually been based on objective diagnostic test. Venography is generally considered the reference method for the diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis, but it is invasive and associated with serious side effects. Several noninvasive or less invasive objective diagnostic methods have been developed. These diagnostic methods are distinctly different in technology and consequently in their ability to demonstrate or refute deep-vein thrombosis. In this review, a critical analysis is provided on the accurary of the current noninvasive diagnostic approaches to venous thrombosis in patients with a first episode of clinically suspected deep-vein thrombosis. Results of studies were considered only when their methodology fulfilled the essential criteria for evaluation of a diagnostic test.

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“…The use of isotopes for the demonstration of the venous system was first suggested following the chance observation of uptake of labelled macroaggregates of albumin in an area of thrombophlebitis in the arm of a patient undergoing lung scintigraphy (Webber et al, 1969). It was thought that the aggregates adhered directly to thrombus (Henkin et al, 1974) and that this effect could be reversed by heparin (Hayt et al, 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radionuclide venography for the demonstration of the proximal deep venous system

Bentley

1979

British Journal of Surgery

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The majority of pulmonary emboli originate in the deep veins of the lower limb. Fatal emboli usually arise from thrombi that have extended into the femoral or iliac veins or lower inferior vena cava. It is often impossible to demonstrate this area, the proximal venous segment, using conventional ascending venography when there is deep venous occlusion. The alternative methods available--retrograde, pertrochanteric and transfemoral venography--are invasive. Radionuclide venography (RNV) has been developed as a less invasive alternative. It has been found to be accurate in the proximal deep venous system when compared with conventional ascending venography, and in the presence of proximal occlusion it gives images unobtainable by other means. The radiation dose is extremely low and a perfusion lung scan is obtained without further injection of isotope. RNV appears to be the best method for monitoring the progress of thrombolytic therapy for major venous occlusion.

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Thrombophlebitis-Demonstration by Scintiscanninq

Cited by 41 publications

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THE URINARY PARTICLE SCAN: A TRACER TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINATION OF BLADDER BACTERIAL RESIDUAL¹

THE URINARY PARTICLE SCAN: A TRACER TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINATION OF BLADDER BACTERIAL RESIDUAL¹

Noninvasive Objective Tests for the Diagnosis of Clinically Suspected Deep-Vein Thrombosis

Radionuclide venography for the demonstration of the proximal deep venous system

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Thrombophlebitis-Demonstration by Scintiscanninq

Cited by 41 publications

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THE URINARY PARTICLE SCAN: A TRACER TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINATION OF BLADDER BACTERIAL RESIDUAL1

THE URINARY PARTICLE SCAN: A TRACER TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINATION OF BLADDER BACTERIAL RESIDUAL1

Noninvasive Objective Tests for the Diagnosis of Clinically Suspected Deep-Vein Thrombosis

Radionuclide venography for the demonstration of the proximal deep venous system

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THE URINARY PARTICLE SCAN: A TRACER TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINATION OF BLADDER BACTERIAL RESIDUAL¹

THE URINARY PARTICLE SCAN: A TRACER TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINATION OF BLADDER BACTERIAL RESIDUAL¹