Thromboelastography in healthy dairy cows

Abstract

Thromboelastography is a whole blood-based coagulation assay that can be used to investigate hypocoagulability and hypercoagulability, as seen with thromboembolic diseases and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Numerous coagulopathies due to different causes are reported in cows. The objective was to establish reference intervals for thromboelastography using the TEG 5000 (Haemonetics GmbH, Munich, Germany) with citrated whole blood samples and kaolin activation in dairy cows and to investigate possible thromboelastographic changes between cows in different lactation periods. An additional objective was to test the stability of samples for up to 100h. Sixty blood samples from healthy Holstein-Friesian cows were examined. The samples were allocated to 3 different lactation groups (≤30 d postcalving, 31-99 d postcalving, ≥100 d postcalving). Thromboelastography was performed by using the TEG 5000 analyzer with citrated whole blood samples with kaolin activation. The calculated reference intervals were as follows: reaction time=2.2 to 6.2min, coagulation time=0.8 to 2.0min, angle α=58.2 to 81.8°, maximum amplitude=64.3 to 89.2mm, and clot rigidity=9.2 to 41.2 dyn/cm(2). The 3 different lactation groups showed no significant differences in TEG parameters. No significant difference was seen in samples stored for up to 48h at room temperature, which indicates that delays in processing samples, such as those arising during transit, are not an issue.

Thromboelastography in wild Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)

“…However, we elected to perform these samples regardless. Time delays between blood collection and processing TEG samples have been shown to affect test results in dogs; however, samples from cattle were unaffected when stored for up to 48 hours, with R being the first parameter to demonstrate changes when stored for >48 hours . For this study, assessing the effects of delayed processing times on TEG samples taken from wild manatees was essential.…”

Effects of storage time and temperature on thromboelastographic analysis in dogs and horses

“…17,19 The justification for using the 95% criterion was that the interpretation of results generated at T max would be similar to the principle of interpreting re- Although sufficient evidence for the clinical utility of these lysis variables in dogs is lacking, 54 they have been used in dogs to identify hyperfibrinolysis (with or without concurrent hyper-or hypocoagulability) that could accompany trauma, [55][56][57] liver disease, 58,59 systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), 60 and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), 61 or could be used to monitor fibrinolytic therapy. For previous storage studies, LY30 measurements were either not mentioned, 14,28,29,32 or LY30 values were not compared, 13,15,33 or LY30 values were compared but showed no statistically significant differences. 30,31 Based on our study results, should a clinician specifically want LY30 and LY60 values measured in a dog, citrated samples should not be stored for longer than 30 min at RT before kaolin-activated TEG analysis.…”

“…In terms of kaolinactivated TEG, studies have assessed the effect of storage on TEG variables in cows, horses, and Asian elephants. [13][14][15] These studies have presented conflicting results and conclusions. To our knowledge, no published kaolin-activated TEG storage studies in dogs have been performed.…”

Establishing a protocol for thromboelastography in sea turtles

“…Thromboelastography (TEG) studies are relatively limited in the veterinary literature compared with human medicine, but several recent manuscripts involving TEG in the evaluation of the haemostatic system in dogs (Canis familiaris), cats (Felis catus), horses (Equus caballus) and cows (Bos taurus) have been published. [2][3][4][5] There are also several recent publications evaluating TEG in wildlife and exotic mammalian species including manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) and various avian species. 6 7 8 However, TEG remains unexplored in reptiles, including sea turtles, despite clinical and postmortem indications that they can suffer from coagulopathies.…”