Thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients with severe sepsis/septic shock: Prognostic value and association with a distinct serum cytokine profile

Serum soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor as a biological marker of bacterial infection in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Among the 17 eligible studies, 9 studies including 1237 patients reported the usefulness of suPAR for diagnosing infections131415161718192021, and 10 studies including 3041 patients reported its usefulness for predicting mortality14212223242526272829. The characteristics of the studies are presented in Table S1.…”

“…Additionally, 4 studies investigated the diagnostic value of suPAR in differentiating sepsis from SIRS16192021. Of the 10 studies reporting the value of suPAR in predicting mortality, 7 recruited patients suffering from sepsis14212526272829, and 3 recruited patients with bacteremia222324. The serum level of suPAR was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (ViroGates, Birkerød, Denmark) in most of the included studies.…”

Immunothrombosis in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Cross Talks between Inflammation and Coagulation

“…Moreover, the platelet-induced expression of the intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on endothelial cells further facilitates neutrophil adhesion. The produced platelet-neutrophil complexes participate in the inflammatory process via expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and in the defense mechanism by increasing phagocytosis capacity [55][56][57] . The sequestration of these complexes at target organs, including the lung, is implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple organ failure, as a result of immunothrombosis and of the subsequent development of vaso-occlusive thrombi in pulmonary capillary vessels.…”

Thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients due to vascular microthrombotic disease: pathogenesis based on “two activation theory of the endothelium”

“…Increasing thrombocytopenia was associated with higher mortality and longer length of hospital stay, and the increase of the platelet count was an early sign of clinical improvement [2][3][4][6][7][8][9][10] Contrary to this concept, microthrombogenesis plays a key role in the pathogenesis of TTP and TTP-like syndrome. In endotheliopathy, the platelet is activated and excessive amounts of ULVWF are released from ECs [24][25][26][27]40].…”

“…This etiology-unidentified thrombocytopenia, encountered in critical illnesses (e.g., sepsis/septic shock, severe trauma, and complications of pregnancy, transplant and surgery), has been designated as "thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients" (TCIP) [1]. TCIP is now suspected to be an unfavorable indicator influencing the prognosis of the patient [2][3][4]. association with progressive multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) [4,11,12] and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) [13,14].…”