Thrombin promotes proinflammatory phenotype in human vascular smooth muscle cell

Extracellular Nucleotides Can Induce Chemokine (C-C motif) Ligand 2 Expression in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

“…4B). AoSMCs express PKC subtypes which play roles in chemokine and cytokine secretion [17]. Examining the effects of NAD ＋ and NADP ＋ on PKC activity, we found that NAD ＋ and NADP ＋ enhanced PKC activity (Fig.…”

“…We believe that some PKC subtypes such as PKC-βI, λ, and μ are also involved in CCL2 secretion, because the AoSMCs used in this study have been reported to express those PKC subtypes, but not PKC-α / δ / ξ / γ , βII, ζ , η , and θ subtypes [17]. NADPH oxidases are a major source of ROS, which are involved in atherogenesis, where they act as second messengers that mediate the signaling pathways in VSMC activation and proliferation [24].…”

G Protein-Coupled Receptor Dependent NF-κB Signaling in Atherogenesis

“…Nevertheless, progress is being made on this front; a recent report demonstrated that treatment with the DAG/calcium-dependent PKC inhibitor, Go6976, and siRNA-mediated silencing of PKC both blocked AGTR1-dependent NF-B signaling in VSMCs (Doyon and Servant, 2010). Likewise, PKC inhibitors RO318220 and GF109203X have been shown to abrogate thrombin-dependent proinflammatory signaling in human aortic VSMCs (Chung et al, 2010). Perhaps the PKC isoform has been most thoroughly studied in the context of atherosclerosis.…”

IL-8 reduces VCAM-1 secretion of smooth muscle cells by increasing p-ERK expression when 3-D co-cultured with vascular endothelial cells

“…It was previously reported that IL-8 is involved in vascular in ammation [7]. Recently, Hastings and colleagues found that the level of IL-8 declined when vascular ECs were exposed to atheroprone ow, thereby increasing the expression of VCAM-1 by vascular smooth muscle cells [8,9].…”