“…For gnetophytes, a broad spectrum of small-sized, inconspicuous insects are pollinators, especially flies, but also moths, beetles, small wasps, thrips, and occasionally bees (2,5,6). Cycads are pollinated by equally specialized but, overall, more taxonomically circumscribed beetle lineages, especially weevils (3,4), and a lineage of thrips (7)(8)(9). Occasionally, both insect groups pollinate the same cycad species (7,8).…”