Thresholds of Laser Eye Hazards

Vassiliadis, Arthur; Zweng, H. Christian; Peppers, N. A.; Peabody, Robert R.; Honey, Richard C.

doi:10.1080/00039896.1970.10665564

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Dimensionless temperature versus dimensionless radial distance for uniform irradiance profile; 0 = TkIH~, n = ria, and'; -pz; T, temperature rise (OC); K, thermal conductivity (cal/crn SOC); p, absorption coefficient at wavelength A for a single layer of the retinal-choroid complex (crn -1); Ho, center retinal spectral irradiance (cal/cm 2 s); a, radius of a Gaussian image at the I/e point or the radius of a uniform image; T, radial distance in the image (cm); z, axial distance (cm); t, time (s); and pC, volumetric specific heat (cal/cm 30 C) . Landers et al (1969); Bresnick et al (1970);Lappin (1970); Vassiliadis et al (1970); Vassiliadis et al (1971); Beatrice and Steinke (1972);Skeen (1972);Gallagher (1975); Goldman et ai. (1977); Gibbons and Allen (1977); Connolly et ai.…”

Section: Asymptotic Retinal Thermal Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Applications in Medicine and Biology

Wolbarsht¹

1989

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment.v PREFACE The diversity of the chapters presented in this volume illustrates not only the many applications of lasers, but also the fact that, in many cases, these are not new uses of lasers, but rather improvements of laser techniques already widely accepted in both research and clinical situations. Biological reactions to some special aspects of laser exposure continue to show new effects, which have implications for the ever-present topic of laser safety. Such biological reactions are included in fields of research which depend on properties of electromagnetic radiation exposure only possible with lasers, for example, the short pulses necessary for the temperature-jump experiments reviewed by Reiss:Speciality lasers, such as the transverse excitation atmospheric (TEA) or excimer lasers, add new wavelengths and pulse domains to those already available for biological application. A description of these new types of lasers by Osgood is included to indicate new possibilities for future use and to avoid limiting our coverage to well-developed present-day applications.Hillenkamp and Kaufmann describe a microprobe mass spectrograph for analysis of the minute amounts of material evaporated by a laser pulse. The analytical possibilities of this instrument are far-reaching, and some of the various results are described to illustrate the power of their method, as well as to show the types of problems that are suitable for it.The initial steps in photosynthesis have become the subject of intensive investigation. High-speed laser techniques have assisted in unlocking some of the puzzles of the energy transduction involved, and the present review by Rubin shows both the current state of the art and the possibilities for future experiments.Much of the clinical work using lasers remains in ophthalmology, the first specialty to accept any type of laser exposure as a standard therapy. In addition to its use in the treatment of an ever-increasing number of retinal vii viii Preface problems, laser coagulation has become the standard treatment for glaucoma, for the lens capsule cutting necessitated by the complications of lens implant surgery, and bids fair to proceed even further as lasers are applied to vitreous surgery. The analyses of bioeffects of laser exposures in the eye by Ham and Mueller, and by Allen and Pohlhamus, give some of the scientific background for those applications that have already proven successful and indicate the bases for future clinical applications of lasers in oph thalmology.Each clinical acceptance of a laser instrument broadens the experience of all in the general medical field with regard to laser use. Also, the increasingly larger number of clinicians involved in research on laser surgery adds even more to the diversity of laboratory projects that will in turn become the basis for techniques that in the future...

show abstract

Section: Asymptotic Retinal Thermal Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Applications in Medicine and Biology

Wolbarsht¹

1989

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…With the increasing use of lasers, it is necessary to assess the health effects and hazards of non-ionizing radiation from such laser systems. [10,11] There are two problems with the current system of evaluating the safety of new laser systems.…”

Section: Statement Of Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5,9] To date, there has not been an all encompassing investigation at one wavelength to determine how the variances in these parameters affects the estimated dose to 50% injury (ED 50 ) as this would be cost and time prohibitive with the current method of live animal testing. [1,10,11] Background…”

Section: Statement Of Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corneal injury to ex vivo eyes exposed to a 3.8-micron laser

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. The author hereby certifies that the use of any copyrighted material in the thesis manuscript entitled: Corneal Injury to Ex-vivo Eyes Exposed to a 3.8 Micron Laserbeyond brief excerpts is with the permission of the copyright owner, and will save and hold harmless the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences from any damage that may arise from such copyright violations. Department of Preventive Medicine and BiometricsAs a consequence of the significant expansion of laser use in medicine, industry and research, specific safety standards must be developed that appropriately address eye protection. The purpose of this study is to establish injury thresholds to the cornea for 3.8 µm 8 microsecond laser light pulses and to investigate a possible replacement model to live animal testing. Previous studies of pulsed energy absorption at 3.8 µm were performed using rhesus monkey cornea and were at pulse durations two orders of magnitude different than the 8 microsecond pulses used in this study. Ex-vivo pig eyes were exposed at varying energies and evaluated to establish the statistical threshold for corneal damage. Histologic evaluation was used to determine the extent of damage to the cornea. It is expected that the results will be used to assist in the establishment of safety standards for laser use and offer an alternative to future animal use in establishment of safety standards.

show abstract

“…Outer segments of cones are usually poorly visualized at the foveal centre because of their small size and limited resolution of flood illuminated AO devices . Visibility of cone reflexes at the site of the laser injury suggests swelling of the cone tips as part of the oedema and inflammatory processes that occur at the site of a laser injury . Interestingly, OCT through the region of laser burn showed a gap in the ellipsoid zone despite presence of cone reflexes on AO imaging.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%