Threshold values on environmental chemical contaminants in seafood in the European Economic Area

Witte, Bavo De; Coleman, Bert; Bekaert, Karen; Boitsov, Stepan; Botelho, Maria João; Castro-Jiménez, Javier; Duffy, Conor; Habedank, Friederike; McGovern, Evin; Parmentier, K.; Tornero, Victoria; Viñas, L.; Turner, Andrew D.

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108978

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…The mercury (Hg) concentrations measured in our studies are (effectively) lower than those recommended by authorities such as the FAO (2003) or certain reviews [76]. For example, our results on mercury presented a maximum concentration of 2.5 µg g −1 DW that is twice weaker than the recommended maximum value (5 µg g −1 DW) even though, here, a more integrative approach considering toxicological parameters (RfD; oral refe-rence dose), but also human biology and sociology indicators, have been deliberately chosen.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Multi-Year Monitoring of the Toxicological Risk of Heavy Metals Related to Fish Consumption by the Population of the Kendari Region (Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia)

Saputri

Yusnaini

Sara

et al. 2023

Toxics

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This study measured the concentrations of Hg, As, Ni, Cd, and Pb in six fish species commonly consumed in Kendari. Samples were bought within local markets from 2012 to 2017 at the end of the dry season. Results showed that mercury concentrations fluctuated between years and within species, except in the Caranx sexfasciatus, which showed no significant differences (Kruskall–Wallis, p-value > 0.05, df = 5) and an average concentration of 0.371 ± 0.162 µg g−1 DW. Arsenic was found in high concentrations across species and years and varied widely in C. sexfasciatus, the lowest value being 0.32 ± 0.01 µg g−1 DW in 2012 and the highest was 5.63 ± 1.89 µg g−1 DW in 2017. The highest nickel concentrations were found in 2016 across four of the six species. The fish samples displayed very low cadmium and lead concentrations throughout the study. In addition, the potential human health risk due to fish consumption was assessed. This showed that mercury is the only one of the five metals present in concentrations high enough to individually pose a potential hazard, the only metal likely to be accumulated beyond a safe concentration in Kendari. Chanos chanos never posed a toxicological risk based on the results of this research.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Multi-Year Monitoring of the Toxicological Risk of Heavy Metals Related to Fish Consumption by the Population of the Kendari Region (Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia)

Saputri

Yusnaini

Sara

et al. 2023

Toxics

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“…PSTs, along with other regulated marine toxins, must be monitored in live bivalve molluscs in order to determine whether shellfish harvesting areas can open for the sale of shellfishery products. To this end, maximum permitted limits (MPLs) exist, which for PSTs equates to a safety threshold of 800 µg STX eq/kg [ 14 ]. PSTs can be monitored in shellfish using a range of detection methods [ 15 ] such as the mouse bioassay (MBA), receptor binding assay (RBA), liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FLD) methods [ 16 , 17 ] and LC with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) [ 18 ], with the pre-column oxidation LC-FLD method based on AOAC method 2005.06 the current reference method in the European Union for official control testing [ 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Biotoxins in Whole and Processed Scallops from the Argentine Sea

et al. 2022

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Harmful algal blooms are an increasing worldwide threat to the seafood industry and human health as a consequence of the natural production of biotoxins that can accumulate in shellfish. In the Argentine Sea, this has been identified as an issue for the offshore fisheries of Patagonian scallops (Zygochlamys patagonica), leading to potentially harmful effects on consumers. Here we assess spatial and temporal patterns in marine biotoxin concentrations in Patagonian scallops harvested in Argentinian waters between 2012–2017, based on analyses for paralytic shellfish toxins, lipophilic toxins, and amnesic shellfish toxins. There was no evidence for concentrations of lipophilic or amnesic toxins above regulatory acceptance thresholds, with trace concentrations of pectenotoxin 2, azaspiracid 2 and okadaic acid group toxins confirmed. Conversely, paralytic shellfish toxins were quantified in some scallops. Gonyautoxins 1 and 2 dominated the unusual toxin profiles (91%) in terms of saxitoxin equivalents with maximum concentrations reaching 3985 µg STX eq/kg and with changes in profiles linked in part to seasonal changes. Total toxin concentrations were compared between samples of the adductor muscle and whole tissue, with results showing the absence of toxins in the adductor muscle confirming toxin accumulation in the digestive tracts of the scallops and the absence of a human health threat following the processing of scallop adductor meat. These findings highlight that paralytic shellfish toxins with an unusual toxin profile can occur in relatively high concentrations in whole Patagonian scallops in specific regions and during particular time periods, also showing that the processing of scallops on board factory ships to obtain frozen adductor muscle is an effective management process that minimizes the risk of poisonings from final products destined for human consumption.

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“…Additionally, the short half-life of imazapyr in water (3-5 days) (USEPA, 2006) and strong tidal flushing along much of China's Yellow Sea coast, indicate that the toxicity risk of imazapyr to benthic animals in the intertidal area is very low. In view of the importance of China's intertidal areas for seafood production future studies should further assess imazapyr levels in commercially important species to ensure their safety for consumptioncurrently the USA has a safety level for imazapyr of >1.0 ppm for fish and > 0.1 ppm for shellfish (Department of Health and Human Services, 2022) and Germany has a limit of 0.1 ppm (De Witte et al, 2022).…”

Section: Effects Of Imazapyr Use On Macrozoobenthosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient removal of Spartina alterniflora with low negative environmental impacts using imazapyr

Shi²,

Gan³

et al. 2022

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Invasion by smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora Loisel) has greatly impacted the intertidal ecosystems of China. Worldwide, chemical control is the most widely used method to control Spartina species, but it has not been widely implemented along the Chinese coast due to concerns about the potential impacts of herbicide residues on the environment and organisms. Macrobenthos, both natural and cultured on intertidal mudflats, is an important seafood resource, so human food safety is a particular concern. Here we tested the effectiveness of imazapyr (an imidazolinone herbicide inhibiting the synthesis of branched-chain amino acids) in controlling S. alterniflora from August 2020 to June 2021 on the Jiangsu Coast, an area severely impacted by S. alterniflora. We used two different concentrations of the herbicide and monitored the density of S. alterniflora seedlings and flower spikelets, the effects of herbicide use on macrobenthos, and residues in organisms and the environment at different times post-application. Ten months after application, imazapyr had killed all plants and within 30 days it inhibited the two reproductive processes of germination and flowering; there were no significant differences between the two concentrations used. Imazapyr residues were detected in the environment for up to 14 days post-application, but at very low concentrations and exponentially decreased with time. No residues were found in any macrobenthos. Imazapyr use did not result in a reduction of macrobenthos density. We conclude that the herbicide imazapyr effectively removes S. alterniflora with little collateral damage to other organisms and the environment. However, in view of the relatively small scale of our trials and the great extent of S. alterniflora in many sites in China, we recommend that larger scale field trails be conducted to assess any potential adverse effects when imazapyr is used at a landscape level.

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Threshold values on environmental chemical contaminants in seafood in the European Economic Area

Cited by 12 publications

References 146 publications

Multi-Year Monitoring of the Toxicological Risk of Heavy Metals Related to Fish Consumption by the Population of the Kendari Region (Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia)

Multi-Year Monitoring of the Toxicological Risk of Heavy Metals Related to Fish Consumption by the Population of the Kendari Region (Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia)

Marine Biotoxins in Whole and Processed Scallops from the Argentine Sea

Efficient removal of Spartina alterniflora with low negative environmental impacts using imazapyr

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