Three years of monitoring of PCDD/F, DL-PCB and NDL-PCB residues in bovine milk from Lombardy and Emilia Romagna regions (Italy): Contamination levels and human exposure assessment

PCDD/Fs, DL-PCBs, and NDL-PCBs in Dairy Cows: Carryover in Milk from a Controlled Feeding Study

“…Results are reported in Supporting Information Table S2 ; PCDD/F and PCB values were below EU MLs and ALs, and they were in line with previous reported data for cow milk produced in northern Italy. 22 …”

“…The laboratory performing the analysis was certified under UNI CEI ISO/IEC 17025 and accredited for the determination of the 35 investigated molecules. Analysis of the samples was performed as described in Lorenzi et al 22 …”

“…The PCDD/F fraction was dissolved in 10 μL of 13 C-labeled 1,2,3,4-TCDD and 13 C-labeled 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD injection solution and the PCB fraction, in 20 μL of 13 C-labeled PCB 52, 13 C-labeled PCB 101, 13 C-labeled PCB 138, and 13 C-labeled PCB 194 injection solution. HRGC-HRMS analysis and quality control were carried out as described by Lorenzi et al 22 …”

Heavy Metals and PAHs in Meat, Milk, and Seafood From Augusta Area (Southern Italy): Contamination Levels, Dietary Intake, and Human Exposure Assessment

“…Industrial activities release into the environment different wastes (gases, particles, sludge, liquid effluent) containing significant amounts of pollutants, such as heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzo-pdioxins (PCDDs) polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Some of them are highly toxic and persistent in the environment, representing a serious threat to human and ecosystem health (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10).…”

“…Similarly, food of terrestrial origin (meat and milk) represents an important source of lipophilic contaminants for human consumers. Different studies showed how these matrices can accumulate significant level of pollutants (such as PAHs, PCBs and heavy metals) into hydrophobic compartments through breathing and ingestion of contaminated water, fodder and soil during the grazing (3,6,7,9,10,17,(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61).…”