Three years of monitoring evapotranspiration components and crop and stress coefficients in a deficit irrigated intensive olive orchard

Conceição, Nuno; Tezza, Luca; Häusler, Melanie; Lourenço, Sónia; Pacheco, Carlos Arruda; Ferreira, Maria Isabel

doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2017.05.011

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…0.4 and 0.2 (0.3 on average) during a typical summer such as 2010 with a progressive decrease along the summer, in spite of the permanent dry appearance of the soil surface during the whole of this period and the constant wet area, reflecting the dependence on meteorological conditions, affecting Tr with a different dynamic due to phenology. During 2011, higher estimated Es/Tr was obtained, due to occasional precipitation while, during 2012, the higher values can be explained by an exceptional decrease in transpiration by the end of summer [19] due to severe water stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This can be attributed to higher spring precipitation, as well as several cloudy days and unusual precipitations in August. [19]. Vertical bars denote summer limits.…”

Section: Model Application At Seasonal Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apparent soil densities of these three horizons were 1.6 g/cm 3 , 1.4 g/cm 3 and 1.8 g/cm 3 , respectively. A detailed description of the experimental site, soil and field measurements has been given [19], in the context of a larger study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[19]), sap flow outputs have only relative value, due to the simplified assumptions and technical limitations, so the in-situ "calibration" is highly recommended. This strategy has been used to perform the required corrections to the sap flow outputs in order to get long-term reliable Tr estimates [19]. This operational aim requires daily values of Es along the season.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seasonal course of (a) Es estimated from model, ET 0 (running average) and precipitation (P); (b) Es/ET 0 (points), Es/ET (open diamonds) and Es/Tr (triangles); data derived from[19]. Vertical bars denote summer limits.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring and Modelling Soil Evaporation in an Irrigated Olive Orchard to Improve Water Management

Tezza

Häusler

Conceição

et al. 2019

Water

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The aim of this study was to estimate soil evaporation (Es) in an intensive olive orchard. Measurements of Es were performed for 19 days using microlysimeters, during summers 2010, 2011 and 2012 in southeast Portugal. In order to relate each area type to radiation transmissivity, ground cover measurements were performed over the years. These data were used to calibrate and validate an empirical model for Es estimation. Measured daily average Es was 0.55 ± 0.14 mm; the model estimated 0.53 ± 0.18 mm for the same days, with a determination coefficient of 0.94. This corresponds to 9% of the reference evapotranspiration, representing well the overall values estimated for the summer, except for days after rain. Regarding the wet area, measured Es for the validation data set was 2.42 L/(m 2 of wet area), the estimated was 2.49 L/(m 2 of wet area). Measured average Es in dry area (validation data set) was 0.42 L/(m 2 of dry area), estimated Es was 0.43 L/(m 2 of dry area). The large exposed dry area had a significant contribution to evaporation. On average, estimated Es during a typical Mediterranean summer was 10% of reference evapotranspiration, representing 30% of transpiration and 23% of evapotranspiration.2 of 15 techniques, result in more water-conservative agriculture. The evaporation estimation is particularly critical in any crop with a large ground area exposed to radiation and turbulence.Studies about soil evaporation (Es) suggest that total evaporation from wet soil, in the first phase, is determined primarily by the solar energy reaching the soil surface [4-6] and could, therefore, be reduced by shade [7]. In fact, for a wet soil, Es is driven and limited by the energy available at the soil surface, at least until cumulative Es attains the threshold between phase 1 and 2 (U, upper limit of cumulative Es during the first stage, using nomenclature and description in the original publication [5]). After this energy-limited stage, Es switches to a soil-limited rate (or falling rate stage), usually expressed as an empirical function of time [5]. In this second phase, the soil evaporation rate is determined by soil hydraulic properties, being not completely independent from meteorological variables [4,6,8,9].Soil evaporation can be measured (ground truth data) by applying water balance methods including lysimeters (e.g. [10-12]), chamber methods and also from micro-meteorological methods if applied in a large continuous surface. These methods are expensive and some are very labor and time consuming [10,13,14]. Modelling is a common approach to overcome these limitations, by measuring soil evaporation over a short period of time and subsequently using the data to calibrate and validate a model to estimate Es over a larger time frame. There are mechanistic models for which detailed information about system parameters and variables are necessary, for example the Penman-Monteith equation with appropriate conductance of soil surface [15] and its modifications (e.g. [16]) or semi-empirical (or empirical) models [5,8,9]...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This can be attributed to higher spring precipitation, as well as several cloudy days and unusual precipitations in August. [19]. Vertical bars denote summer limits.…”

Section: Model Application At Seasonal Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Measuring and Modelling Soil Evaporation in an Irrigated Olive Orchard to Improve Water Management

Tezza

Häusler

Conceição

et al. 2019

Water

Self Cite

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Assessment of the clumped model to estimate olive orchard evapotranspiration using meteorological data and UAV-based thermal infrared imagery

et al. 2021

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A study was performed to evaluate the clumped model in estimating olive orchard evapotranspiration (ET a ) using meteorological data and high-resolution thermal infrared (TIR) imagery obtained from a camera onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). An experimental site was established within a superintensive drip-irrigated olive (cv. Arbequina) orchard located in the Pencahue Valley (35.49° S, 71.73°W, and 85 m above sea level), Maule Region, Chile. UAV-based TIR images were collected to obtain the land surface temperature at a very high resolution on 12 clear-sky days during the 2015-2016 growing season. Measurements of the latent heat flux (LE) obtained from an eddy covariance (EC) system were analyzed to assess the clumped model. In addition, submodels to calculate the net radiation (R n ) and soil heat flux (G) were evaluated using a four-way net radiometer and soil heat flux plates with soil thermocouples, respectively. Comparisons indicated that the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) values for LE were 37 and 27 W m −2 , respectively, while those for ET a were 0.44 and 0.35 mm day −1 , respectively. Both UAV-based values for R n and G were estimated with RMSE < 31 W m −2 and MAE < 18 W m −2 . The relative RMSE (rRMSE) values were 26% for LE, 24% for ET a , 5% for R n , and 11% for G. The results suggest that the clumped model based on UAV-based TIR imagery and meteorological data could produce maps with a very high resolution to estimate the intraorchard spatial variability in olive orchard water requirements.

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Single and basal crop coefficients for estimation of water use of tree and vine woody crops with consideration of fraction of ground cover, height, and training system for Mediterranean and warm temperate fruit and leaf crops

Pereira,

Paredes,

Oliveira

et al. 2023

Irrig Sci

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This paper reviews the research on the FAO56 single and basal crop coefficients of fruit trees and vines performed over the past twenty-five years and focus on Mediterranean and warm temperate trees and vines. Two companion papers (López-Urrea et al., (2023) Single and basal crop coefficients for estimation of water use of tree and vine woody crops with consideration of fraction of ground cover, height, and training system for temperate climate fruit crops. Irrig Sci (submitted); Paredes et al. (2023) Single and basal crop coefficients for estimation of water use of tree and vine woody crops with consideration of fraction of ground cover, height, and training system for tropical and subtropical fruit crops. Irrig Sci (submitted)) are dedicated, respectively, to Temperate and to Tropical and Subtropical trees and vines. The main objective of the paper is to update available information on single (Kc) and basal (Kcb) standard crop coefficients, and to provide for updating and completing the FAO56 tabulated Kc and Kcb. The Kc is the ratio between non-stressed crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and the grass reference evapotranspiration (ETo), while Kcb is the ratio between crop transpiration (Tc) and ETo. The selection and analysis of the literature were performed considering only studies that adhere to the FAO56 method, thus computing ETo with the FAO Penman–Monteith ETo equation, the ASCE grass ETo, or another equation that could be properly related with the former, and ETc, or Tc, was obtained using properly accurate field measurements on crops under pristine or eustress conditions. The crops considered refer to Mediterranean (grapes and olive) and warm temperate areas (avocado, citrus, persimmon, loquat, and tea) fruit and leaf crops. Papers satisfying the above conditions were selected to provide for standard Kc and Kcb data. Preferably, studies should report on the crop cultivar and rootstock, planting density or plant spacing, fraction of ground cover (fc), crop height (h), crop age and training systems. Additional information was collected on pruning and irrigation method and strategy. The ranges of reported Kc and Kcb values were grouped according to crop density in relation with fc, h, and the training system, namely vase, hedgerow, or trellis systems. Literature collected Kc or Kcb values were compared with previously tabulated Kc and Kcb values, namely in FAO56, to define the standard Kc and Kcb values for the referred selected crops. The tabulated values are, therefore, transferable to other locations and aimed for use in crop water requirement computations and modeling, mainly for irrigation planning and scheduling, and for supporting improved water use and saving in orchards and vineyards.

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Three years of monitoring evapotranspiration components and crop and stress coefficients in a deficit irrigated intensive olive orchard

Cited by 29 publications

References 65 publications

Measuring and Modelling Soil Evaporation in an Irrigated Olive Orchard to Improve Water Management

Measuring and Modelling Soil Evaporation in an Irrigated Olive Orchard to Improve Water Management

Assessment of the clumped model to estimate olive orchard evapotranspiration using meteorological data and UAV-based thermal infrared imagery

Single and basal crop coefficients for estimation of water use of tree and vine woody crops with consideration of fraction of ground cover, height, and training system for Mediterranean and warm temperate fruit and leaf crops

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